Macronutrient-differential dietary pattern impacts on body weight, hepatic inflammation, and metabolism.

Introduction: Obesity is a multi-factorial disease frequently associated with poor nutritional habits and linked to many detrimental health outcomes. Individuals with obesity are more likely to have increased levels of persistent inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation. The goal of this study was to compare four dietary patterns differentiated by macronutrient content in a postmenopausal model.

Untargeted metabolomics on first trimester serum implicates metabolic perturbations associated with BMI in development of hypertensive disorders: a discovery study.

Goal: Body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy is a critical risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The pathobiology of the interplay between BMI and HDP is not fully understood and represents the focus of this investigation.

Methods: BMI and 1st-trimester serum samples were obtained from the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth repository for 154 women (105 without HDP and 49 with HDP).

Exploring the internal exposome of seminal plasma with semen quality and live birth: A Pilot Study.

Infertility is clinically defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy within 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse and affects 15% of couples worldwide. Therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers that can accurately predict male reproductive health and couples' reproductive success is of major public health significance. The objective of this pilot study is to test whether untargeted metabolomics is capable of discriminating reproductive outcomes and understand associations between the internal exposome of seminal plasma and the reproductive outcomes of semen quality and live birth among ten participants undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Springfield, MA.

Sex-Specific Metabolic Effects of Dietary Folate Withdrawal in Wild-Type and Knockout Mice.

ALDH1L1 (10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase), an enzyme of folate metabolism, is highly expressed in the liver. It regulates the overall flux of folate-bound one-carbon groups by converting 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO in a NADP-dependent reaction. Our previous study revealed that knockout (KO) mice have an altered liver metabotype with metabolic symptoms of folate deficiency when fed a standard chow diet containing 2 ppm folic acid.

Multi-Omics Analysis of Multiple Glucose-Sensing Receptor Systems in Yeast.

The yeast has long been used to produce alcohol from glucose and other sugars. While much is known about glucose metabolism, relatively little is known about the receptors and signaling pathways that indicate glucose availability. Here, we compare the two glucose receptor systems in .

Chemical exposures assessed via silicone wristbands and endogenous plasma metabolomics during pregnancy.

Background: Metabolomics is a promising method to investigate physiological effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy, with the potential to clarify toxicological mechanisms, suggest sensitive endpoints, and identify novel biomarkers of exposures.

Objective: Investigate the influence of chemical exposures on the maternal plasma metabolome during pregnancy.

Methods: Data were obtained from participants (n = 177) in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort.

Multi-omics analysis of glucose-mediated signaling by a moonlighting Gβ protein Asc1/RACK1.

Heterotrimeric G proteins were originally discovered through efforts to understand the effects of hormones, such as glucagon and epinephrine, on glucose metabolism. On the other hand, many cellular metabolites, including glucose, serve as ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. Here we investigate the consequences of glucose-mediated receptor signaling, and in particular the role of a Gα subunit Gpa2 and a non-canonical Gβ subunit, known as Asc1 in yeast and RACK1 in animals.

Serum trace metal association with response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents in incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients.

Alterations in hemodialysis patients' serum trace metals have been documented. Early studies addressing associations levels of serum trace metals with erythropoietic responses and/or hematocrit generated mixed results. These studies were conducted prior to current approaches for erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) drug dosing guidelines or without consideration of inflammation markers (e.

A Metabolomics Approach to Investigate Kukoamine B-A Potent Natural Product With Anti-diabetic Properties.

Due to the surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treatments for chronic metabolic dysregulations with fewer side-effects are sought. Lycii Cortex (LyC), a traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb has a long history of being widely prescribed to treat T2DM as alternative medicine; however, the bioactive molecules and working mechanism remained unknown. Previous studies revealed kukoamine B (KB) as a major and featured compound for LyC with bioactivities for anti-oxidation and acute inflammation, which may be related to anti-diabetes properties.

Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomic Differences between Hormone-Responsive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Purpose: To conduct an exploratory study to identify mechanisms that differentiate Luminal A (BT474 and MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) breast cancer (BCa) cell lines to potentially provide novel therapeutic targets based on differences in energy utilization.

Methods: Cells were cultured in media containing either [U-C]-glucose or [U-C]-glutamine for 48 hours. Conditioned media and cellular extracts were analyzed by H and C NMR spectroscopy.

Correlated metabolomic, genomic, and histologic phenotypes in histologically normal breast tissue.

Breast carcinogenesis is a multistep process accompanied by widespread molecular and genomic alterations, both in tumor and in surrounding microenvironment. It is known that tumors have altered metabolism, but the metabolic changes in normal or cancer-adjacent, nonmalignant normal tissues and how these changes relate to alterations in gene expression and histological composition are not well understood. Normal or cancer-adjacent normal breast tissues from 99 women of the Normal Breast Study (NBS) were evaluated.

EDC IMPACT: Molecular effects of developmental FM 550 exposure in Wistar rat placenta and fetal forebrain.

Firemaster 550 (FM 550) is a flame retardant (FR) mixture that has become one of the most commonly used FRs in foam-based furniture and baby products. Human exposure to this commercial mixture, composed of brominated and organophosphate components, is widespread. We have repeatedly shown that developmental exposure can lead to sex-specific behavioral effects in rats.

Pretreatment with indomethacin results in increased heat stroke severity during recovery in a rodent model of heat stroke.

It has been suggested that medications can increase heat stroke (HS) susceptibility/severity. We investigated whether the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin (INDO) increases HS severity in a rodent model. Core temperature (T) of male, C57BL/6J mice ( = 45) was monitored continuously, and mice were given a dose of INDO [low dose (LO) 1 mg/kg or high dose (HI) 5 mg/kg in flavored treat] or vehicle (flavored treat) before heating.

Metabolites as biomarkers of adverse reactions following vaccination: A pilot study using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics.

An Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) is an adverse reaction to a vaccination that goes above and beyond the usual side effects associated with vaccinations. One serious AEFI related to the smallpox vaccine is myopericarditis. Metabolomics involves the study of the low molecular weight metabolite profile of cells, tissues, and biological fluids, and provides a functional readout of the phenotype.

Metabolomics Analysis of Hormone-Responsive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Responses to Paclitaxel Identify Key Metabolic Differences.

To date, no targeted therapies are available to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), while other breast cancer subtypes are responsive to current therapeutic treatment. Metabolomics was conducted to reveal differences in two hormone receptor-negative TNBC cell lines and two hormone receptor-positive Luminal A cell lines. Studies were conducted in the presence and absence of paclitaxel (Taxol).

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years.

Context: Decreased physical activity plays a critical role in the increase in childhood obesity. Although at least 60 minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is recommended, few longitudinal studies have determined the recent patterns of physical activity of youth.

Objective: To determine the patterns and determinants of MVPA of youth followed from ages 9 to 15 years.