Current practices in equine minimally invasive soft tissue surgery.

Equine minimally invasive surgical techniques are frequently utilized in the treatment of a variety of conditions. Standing sedated endoscopic surgery is commonly selected in horses, requiring specialized facilities, anesthetic protocols, and surgeon and assistant expertise. This review examines current methods and potential strategies in equine soft tissue surgery, in which there is an emphasis on laparoscopic urogenital and gastrointestinal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Restoration of function following traumatic superior eyelid avulsion in a horse treated with advancement flap blepharoplasty (H-plasty) and subdermal hyaluronic acid filler.

Objective: To describe the successful restoration of superior eyelid function in a horse following traumatic avulsion using an advancement flap blepharoplasty and subdermal hyaluronic acid filler.

Animal Studied: A 21-year-old American Paint Horse stallion who was attacked by a fellow stallion resulting in numerous traumatic injuries including avulsion of approximately 75% of the left superior eyelid.

Procedures: With standing sedation and locoregional anesthesia, the superior eyelid wound was debrided and an advancement flap blepharoplasty (H-plasty) and temporary tarsorrhaphy were performed.

Gender differences in research collaborations and academic advancement among veterinary medical college faculty.

Objective: To examine patterns of collaborative research behavior by gender among veterinary academic faculty to determine whether differences exist in how men and women access resources as a contributing factor to the advancement gap.

Sample: 710 faculty from 23 veterinary medical colleges.

Procedures: An online questionnaire was sent through listservs at participating institutions and data were collected anonymously.

Plakoglobin and High-Mobility Group Box 1 Mediate Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis Induced by Clostridioides difficile TcdB.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated intestinal disease, resulting in severe diarrhea and fatal pseudomembranous colitis. TcdB, one of the essential virulence factors secreted by this bacterium, induces host cell apoptosis through a poorly understood mechanism. Here, we performed an RNA interference (RNAi) screen customized to Caco-2 cells, a cell line model of the intestinal epithelium, to discover host factors involved in TcdB-induced apoptosis.

Treatment and outcomes of two pigs treated for hemoabdomen secondary to splenic disease.

Objective: To report the management and outcomes of two pigs undergoing emergency surgery for hemoabdomen secondary to splenic disease.

Study Design: Case report.

Animal: Two adult pigs with hemoabdomen and suspected splenic pathology.

Small ruminant urinary obstruction: decision trees for treatment.

Urolithiasis is the most common cause of urinary tract disease in small ruminants and has significant economic and production impacts worldwide. Urolithiasis is multifactorial in origin and generally begins with the formation of cystoliths followed by urethral obstruction. The condition is most common in males.

Surgery of the Equine Urinary Tract.

Urinary surgery in the horse may be challenging. More straightforward procedures, such as urinary bladder or urachal defects, do not usually require specialized equipment or imaging, although laboratory work is helpful. Congenital or acquired conditions of the ureters or kidneys may necessitate advanced diagnostic work-ups including advanced imaging /or and minimally invasive procedures.

Laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy with barbed suture in a ram.

A 7-month-old Hampshire ram, with no history of trauma or breeding, was referred for treatment of acute, unilateral scrotal swelling. Physical examination revealed a moderately sized, soft, left-sided, non-reducible swelling of the proximal scrotum and mild swelling of the scrotal neck. Ultrasound evaluation of the scrotum revealed morphologically normal testicles and a mild accumulation of free fluid in the left vaginal tunic.

Surgical treatment of uterine neoplasia in 13 production size pigs with a comparison to pot-bellied pigs.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to describe the clinical management and surgical treatment of production size pigs (PrdP) with uterine neoplasia. A secondary objective was to compare tumor diagnoses as well as short- and long-term survival between PrdP and a published report of pot-bellied pigs (PBP) following surgical intervention.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Assessment and Revision of the Veterinary Internship and Residency Matching Program Standardized Letter of Reference.

The Veterinary Internship and Residency Matching Program (VIRMP) recently revised its electronic standardized letter of reference (SLOR) to improve the quality and usefulness of the data obtained from it and to enhance the relevance of non-cognitive and cognitive candidate attributes assessed. We used a stepwise process including a broad survey of SLOR readers and writers, analysis of past SLORs, and a multi-wave iterative revision that included key stakeholders, such as residency and internship program directors from academia and private practice. Data from the SLOR survey and analysis of past SLOR responses identified opportunities to improve applicant differentiation, mitigate positive bias, and encourage response consistency.

Higher body mass index may increase the risk for the development of incisional complications in horses following emergency ventral midline celiotomy.

Background: Obesity is common in the equine population and it has been associated with increased surgical morbidity and mortality in humans. The effect of increased body mass index (BMI) on the incidence of surgical site infections has not been investigated in horses.

Objectives: To determine whether horses with increased body fat, as estimated by BMI, are more likely to develop post-operative complications, particularly incisional complications, following emergency ventral midline celiotomy.

Surgical treatment of chronic penile prolapse in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs: 5 cases (2016-2017).

Objective: To describe the surgical treatment and short- and long-term outcome of young pot-bellied pigs with penile prolapse.

Study Design: Short case series.

Animals: Five young castrated Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs.

Duodenoduodenostomy for obstruction of the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum in cattle.

Objective: To describe clinical findings, surgical treatment, and outcome associated with duodenoduodenostomy for treatment of duodenal obstruction secondary to adhesions associated with the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum.

Study Design: Retrospective study (1996-2016).

Animals: Fourteen Holstein cattle.

Clinical features, treatment, and outcome in goats with thymomas: 13 cases (1990-2014).

OBJECTIVE To determine the anatomic location and clinical signs of thymoma in goats and long-term outcomes in a subset of goats treated by tumor excision. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 13 goats with a histologic diagnosis of thymoma at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals between 1990 and 2014.

Tumor collision of uterine adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma in a goat.

An aged mixed-breed goat doe was presented with a 9-mo history of serosanguineous vaginal discharge. Vaginal speculum examination revealed serosanguineous discharge but otherwise no abnormalities. Transrectal ultrasonography showed normal ovaries and multifocal cystic lesions within the uterus.

Laparoscopic-guided compared to skilled instructor support for student rectal examination training using live horses in the veterinary curriculum.

Objectives: To evaluate the veterinary student learning outcome of 2 methods of equine rectal examination training.

Study Design: Randomized prospective study.

Sample Population: Veterinary students (3rd and 4th year; n = 40) and practicing equine veterinarians (n = 10).

Effects of clopidogrel on horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of clopidogrel on clinical and clinicopathologic variables in healthy horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.

Animals: 12 adult mares. Procedures-Horses were assigned with a randomization procedure to receive clopidogrel (4 mg/kg, once, then 2 mg/kg, q 24 h; n = 6) or a placebo (6) through a nasogastric tube.

Surgical treatment of 4 horses for cryptorchidism caused by failure of regression of the cranial suspensory ligament of the testis.

Objective: To report surgical management of 4 horses with cryptorchidism caused by failure of regression of the cranial suspensory ligament (CSL).

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Cryptorchid horses (n = 4).

Accumulation of amikacin in synovial fluid after regional limb perfusion of amikacin sulfate alone and in combination with ticarcillin/clavulanate in horses.

Objectives: To determine the effect of regional limb perfusion (RLP) with amikacin sulfate alone and in combination with ticarcillin/clavulanate on synovial fluid concentration and antimicrobial activity of amikacin.

Sample Population: Experimental study.

Methods: RLP with amikacin alone (A; 2.

Effects of clopidogrel on the platelet activation response in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the platelet activation response before and after treatment with clopidogrel in horses.

Animals: 12 healthy adult mares.

Procedures: In a masked study, horses (6/group) were randomly allocated to alternately receive placebo or clopidogrel via nasogastric tube at a loading dose of 4 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg every 24 hours.

Spiral colon impaction in juvenile alpacas: 12 cases (2006-2010).

Objective: To describe clinical signs and treatment outcomes for juvenile alpacas with spiral colon impaction (SCI).

Design: Retrospective case series. Animals-12 juvenile (< 6 months old) camelids with SCI.

Temporal differential proteomes of Clostridium difficile in the pig ileal-ligated loop model.

The impact of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) on healthcare is becoming increasingly recognized as it represents a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. A rising number of CDI cases and outbreaks have been reported worldwide. Here, we developed the pig ileal-ligated loop model for semi-quantitative analysis comparing temporal differential proteomes in C.

Comparison of plasma and peritoneal indices of fibrinolysis between foals and adult horses with and without colic.

Objective: To identify hemostatic imbalances indicative of an increased risk of intra-abdominal adhesion formation in foals versus adult horses.

Animals: Horses with colic undergoing exploratory laparotomy or abdominocentesis as part of a clinical examination (n = 16 foals ≤ 6 months of age and 19 adults ≥ 5 years of age) and horses without colic undergoing herniorrhaphy (15 foals) or euthanasia for noninflammatory and nongastrointestinal disease (10 foals and 20 adults).

Procedures: Paired abdominal fluid and blood samples were collected from each horse into buffered sodium citrate and centrifuged immediately after collection.