Knowledge of and attitudes toward breast self-examination in Iranian women: a multi-center study.

Background: In Iran, breast cancer is the second most common malignancy among women and diagnosed in advanced stages almost a decade earlier than women living in western countries.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge and attitudes toward breast self-examination (BSE) among Iranian women.

Methods: In a cross-sectional multi-center study, 3,060 women aged between 25 and 54 years attending between July and October 2009 to 11 general health care centers located in 11 cities of Iran, were interviewed to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward BSE.

Incorporation of OSI-7836 into DNA of Calu-6 and H460 xenograft tumors.

OSI-7836 (4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine) is a novel nucleoside analog in phase I clinical development for the treatment of cancer. As with other nucleoside analogs, the proposed mechanism of action involves phosphorylation to the triphosphate form followed by incorporation into cellular DNA, leading to cell death. This hypothesis has been examined by measuring and comparing the incorporation of ara-C, OSI-7836, and gemcitabine (dFdC) into DNA of cultured cells and by investigating the role of deoxycytidine kinase in OSI-7836 toxicity.

Evaluation of mitochondrial DNA content and enzyme levels in tenofovir DF-treated rats, rhesus monkeys and woodchucks.

The antiviral compound tenofovir DF (Gilead Sciences) was evaluated for possible mitochondrial toxicity in rats, rhesus monkeys and woodchucks. Animals were treated by oral gavage with tenofovir DF, and the levels of mitochondrial enzymes cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase were assayed. In rats (6/group) treated daily for 28 days with 300 mg/kg tenofovir DF the enzyme levels were unchanged versus control in liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle.