Clinical Decision Support for Surgery: A Mixed Methods Study on Design and Implementation Perspectives From Urologists.

Objective: To assess urologist attitudes toward clinical decision support (CDS) embedded into the electronic health record (EHR) and define design needs to facilitate implementation and impact. With recent advances in big data and artificial intelligence (AI), enthusiasm for personalized, data-driven tools to improve surgical decision-making has grown, but the impact of current tools remains limited.

Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods study from 2019 to 2020 was performed.

Understanding Heterogeneity in Patients' Conceptualisation of Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cluster Analysis.

Objective: Uptake of treat-to-target (TTT) strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management is low. Our objective was to understand the heterogeneity in patients' conceptualisation of RA treatment to inform interventions improving TTT uptake.

Design: Eligible participants recruited from an online research registry rated 56 items (on 5-point scales) reflecting concepts raised from patient interviews.

Rheumatologist and Patient Mental Models for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Help Explain Low Treat-to-Target Rates.

Objective: Despite proven benefits, less than half of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are treated using a treat-to-target (TTT) strategy. Our objective was to identify critical discrepancies between rheumatologist and patient mental models related to the treatment of RA to inform interventions designed to increase implementation of TTT.

Methods: We developed rheumatologist and patient mental models using the Mental Models Approach to Risk Communication.

Enhancing Patient Understanding of Medication Risks and Benefits.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of 2 interventions, including the DrugFactsBox format for presenting written medication information and the SMART (Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training) program designed to enhance gist (i.e., "bottom-line" meaning) reasoning ability.

Using the Drug Burden Index to identify older adults at highest risk for medication-related falls.

Background: The Drug Burden Index (DBI) was developed to assess patient exposure to medications associated with an increased risk of falling. The objective of this study was to examine the association between the DBI and medication-related fall risk.

Methods: The study used a retrospective cohort design, with a 1-year observation period.

Impact of STEADI-Rx: A Community Pharmacy-Based Fall Prevention Intervention.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a community pharmacy-based fall prevention intervention (STEADI-Rx) on the risk of falling and use of medications associated with an increased risk of falling.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: A total of 65 community pharmacies in North Carolina (NC).

Development of ReproKnow, a reproductive knowledge assessment for women with rheumatic diseases.

Background: The objective of this study was to develop an assessment tool, ReproKnow, to evaluate the reproductive health knowledge of women with a wide range of rheumatic diseases.

Methods: The 10-item multiple-choice questionnaire was developed with feedback from a panel of content experts and female patients with rheumatic diseases. Construct validity using known-groups analysis was evaluated through comparison of median total ReproKnow scores between rheumatology fellows and nurses.

Training and Toolkit Resources to Support Implementation of a Community Pharmacy Fall Prevention Service.

Community pharmacies are an ideal setting to manage high-risk medications and screen older adults at risk for falls. Appropriate training and resources are needed to successfully implement services in this setting. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key training, tools, and resources to support implementation of fall prevention services.

Glaucoma Patient Preferences for Video Education on Eye Drop Technique.

Significance: Glaucoma patients express a strong need for practical instruction on instilling eye drops correctly. To maximize the benefit of a video intervention to improve eye drop technique, patients recommend that video education be provided both in the clinic setting and online.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to (1) describe glaucoma patients' perspectives on how to improve an online eye drop technique video and how to disseminate it to other glaucoma patients and (2) examine how these perspectives differ across demographics.

Perspectives of Adult Rheumatologists Regarding Family Planning Counseling and Care: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: Little is known about whether and how rheumatologists provide family planning counseling and reproductive health care (FPCC) to reproductive-age women with rheumatic diseases. This qualitative study sought to assess rheumatologists' perspectives, attitudes, and practices regarding FPCC.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with a geographically diverse US sample of rheumatologists (n = 12).

A randomized controlled trial of an online educational video intervention to improve glaucoma eye drop technique.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an online video intervention in improving self-efficacy and eye drop application technique in glaucoma patients.

Methods: We randomized ninety-two patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, all who self-administer their eye drops, to either watch the 4-minute Meducation® eye drop technique video in the intervention group, or a nutrition video in the control group. We assessed five eye drop technique steps using objective video recordings at baseline, immediately after watching the video, and 1 month later.

Contraception Use Among Reproductive-Age Women With Rheumatic Diseases.

Objective: To determine contraception use among a cohort of reproductive-age women (ages 18-50 years) with rheumatic diseases.

Methods: We conducted a study of administrative data from a single, large medical center between the years 2013 and 2014. Women who had 1 of 21 possible rheumatic disease diagnoses and had at least 2 outpatient rheumatology visits were included in this analysis.

Patient-Physician Communication on Medication Cost during Glaucoma Visits.

Significance: This article is the first to investigate the nature of medication cost discussions between ophthalmologists and glaucoma patients. Only 87 of the 275 office visits analyzed had a discussion of medication cost. Providers should consider discussing medication cost with patients to identify potential cost-related barriers to medication use.

Drop instillation and glaucoma.

Purpose Of Review: To describe the current state of knowledge regarding glaucoma patients' eye drop technique, interventions attempting to improve eye drop technique, and methods for assessing eye drop technique.

Recent Findings: In observational studies, between 18.2 and 80% of patients contaminate their eye drop bottle by touching their eye or face, 11.

The effect of counseling on willingness to use a hypothetical medication and perceptions of medication safety.

Background: Poor medication adherence is an ongoing issue, and contributes to increased hospitalizations and healthcare costs. Although most adverse effects are rare, the perceived risk of adverse effects may contribute to low adherence rates.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine how adverse effect likelihood and pharmacist counseling on adverse effect prevention affects individuals': (1) willingness to use a hypothetical medication and (2) perceptions of medication safety.

Falls Risks and Prevention Behaviors Among Community-Dwelling Homebound and Non-Homebound Older Adults.

The objectives were to examine falls risk factors to determine how the magnitude of risk may differ between homebound and non-homebound older adults, and to describe falls prevention behaviors and participation in falls prevention education. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with convenience samples of community-dwelling older adults recruited through Meals on Wheels programs (homebound, n = 80) and senior centers (non-homebound, n = 84) in North Carolina. Data were collected during home visits and included an interview and medication inventory.

African American Patient Preferences for Glaucoma Education.

Purpose: The objectives of the study were to examine (a) the types of questions that African American patients have about glaucoma for their providers and (b) how patients' sociodemographic characteristics are associated with where and from whom they would like to learn about glaucoma and glaucoma medications.

Methods: Forty-nine adult African American patients with glaucoma were recruited at a private ophthalmology clinic where they completed a questionnaire for this cross-sectional study.

Results: African American patients had a mean of 3.

Medication Risk Communication in Rheumatology: Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here?

This paper reviews findings from recent research examining issues related to the risk communication process within the context of rheumatologic conditions. Five specific questions are addressed. First, to what extent do patients with rheumatic disorders exhibit adequate knowledge relevant to disease and medication risks and risk management? Second, what sources do patients use when attempting to find information about disease and medication risks and risk management? Third, what types of information about disease and medication risks and risk management do rheumatologists provide during routine office visits.

Glaucoma patient-provider communication about vision quality-of-life.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to: (a) describe the extent to which ophthalmologists and glaucoma patients discuss vision quality-of-life during office visits, and (b) examine the association between patient and ophthalmologist characteristics and provider-patient communication about vision quality-of-life.

Methods: Patients with glaucoma who were newly prescribed or on glaucoma medications were recruited at six ophthalmology clinics. Patients' visits were video-tape recorded and quality-of-life communication variables were coded.

Medication-related Self-management Behaviors among Arthritis Patients: Does Attentional Coping Style Matter?

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the attentional coping styles (monitoring and blunting) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients and: (a) receipt of medication information; (b) receipt of conflicting medication information; (c) ambiguity aversion; (d) medication-related discussions with doctors and spouse/partners; and (e) medication adherence.

Method: A sample of 328 adults with a self-reported diagnosis of arthritis (RA n=159; OA n=149) completed an Internet-based survey. Coping style was assessed using the validated short version of the Miller Behavioral Style Scale.

Using fuzzy-trace theory to understand and improve health judgments, decisions, and behaviors: A literature review.

Objective: Fuzzy-trace theory is a dual-process model of memory, reasoning, judgment, and decision making that contrasts with traditional expectancy-value approaches. We review the literature applying fuzzy-trace theory to health with 3 aims: evaluating whether the theory's basic distinctions have been validated empirically in the domain of health; determining whether these distinctions are useful in assessing, explaining, and predicting health-related psychological processes; and determining whether the theory can be used to improve health judgments, decisions, or behaviors, especially compared to other approaches.

Method: We conducted a literature review using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science to identify empirical peer-reviewed papers that applied fuzzy-trace theory, or central constructs of the theory, to investigate health judgments, decisions, or behaviors.

Patient adoption of an internet based diabetes medication tool to improve adherence: A pilot study.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a video intervention, Managing Your Diabetes Medicines, on patient self-efficacy, problems with using medication, and medication adherence in a rural, mostly African American population.

Methods: Patients selected their problem areas in medication use and watched one of nine 2-min videos with a research assistant at a clinic or pharmacy and were given an access code to watch all the videos at their convenience. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 3-month follow-up.

Communicating information concerning potential medication harms and benefits: What gist do numbers convey?

Objectives: Fuzzy trace theory was used to examine the effect of information concerning medication benefits and side-effects on willingness to use a hypothetical medication.

Methods: Participants (N=999) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Using 3×5 experimental research design, each participant viewed information about medication side effects in 1 of 3 formats and information about medication benefits in 1 of 5 formats.

Development of a new diabetes medication self-efficacy scale and its association with both reported problems in using diabetes medications and self-reported adherence.

Background: Although there are several different general diabetes self-efficacy scales, there is a need to develop a self-efficacy scale that providers can use to assess patient's self-efficacy regarding medication use. The purpose of this study was to: 1) develop a new diabetes medication self-efficacy scale and 2) examine how diabetes medication self-efficacy is associated with patient-reported problems in using diabetes medications and self-reported adherence.

Patients And Methods: Adult English-speaking patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a family medicine clinic and a pharmacy in Eastern North Carolina, USA.