Cost-effectiveness analysis design for interventions to prevent children's oral disease.

Introduction: In 2015, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) launched the Multidisciplinary Collaborative Research Consortium to Reduce Oral Health Disparities in Children, supporting four randomized trials testing strategies to improve preventive care. A Coordinating Center provides scientific expertise, data acquisition and quality assurance services, safety monitoring, and final analysis-ready datasets. This paper describes the trials' economic analysis strategies, placing these strategies within the broader context of contemporary economic analysis methods.

Calibration and reliability testing of a novel asynchronous photographic plaque scoring system in young children.

Objectives: The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index for Maxillary Incisors (OHI-MIS) is a novel plaque scoring system adapted for young children. This study describes calibration training and testing used to establish the inter- and intra-rater reliability for OHI-MIS measured from clinical photographs.

Methods: Two raters from the Coordinated Oral Health Promotion Chicago (CO-OP) and one from the Behavioral EConomics for Oral health iNnovation (BEECON) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) underwent calibration with gold standard raters, followed by annual re-calibration.

Association of tooth loss with morbidity and mortality by diabetes status in older adults: a systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review assesses the association of tooth loss (TL), as the exposure, with morbidity and mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) status, as the outcome, in older adults.

Background: Individuals with DM have higher prevalence of severe TL and increased risk of developing morbidities and mortality. No systematic review has evaluated the association between TL with morbidity and mortality by DM status.

Democracy's backsliding in the international environment.

If the end of the 20th century was defined by the relatively widespread acceptance of democracy, the second decade of the 21st century is marked by concerns about backsliding in new and established democracies alike and by a notable decline in foreign support for democracy around the world. As democracy's global tailwinds shift to headwinds, scholars have an opportunity to better understand how experience with even superficial forms of democratic institutions across a diverse set of contexts influences citizen behavior when formal democratic institutions erode or disappear. This shift also provides the opportunity to examine whether citizen movements alone-absent external support-are sufficient to check newly emboldened autocrats.

Voter information campaigns and political accountability: Cumulative findings from a preregistered meta-analysis of coordinated trials.

Voters may be unable to hold politicians to account if they lack basic information about their representatives' performance. Civil society groups and international donors therefore advocate using voter information campaigns to improve democratic accountability. Yet, are these campaigns effective? Limited replication, measurement heterogeneity, and publication biases may undermine the reliability of published research.

Integrative Health: An Interprofessional Standardized Patient Case for Prelicensure Learners.

Introduction: Integrative health care and complementary medicine are widely used by the U.S. population, yet health professions learners are typically inadequately educated to counsel patients on the use of these approaches.

Nursing Case Management Strategies for Adults with Serious Mental Illness Seeking Dental Services.

A university-community partnership initiated a dental screening and nursing case management program for Medicaid-insured adults with serious mental illness (SMI). Forty-three adults with SMI participated in dental screening; 72% participated in case management. Per client, an average of six case management contacts was made.

Prevention of tooth loss and dental pain for reducing the global burden of oral diseases.

Population ageing is a global phenomenon and is predicted to become one of the most significant social transformations of the 21st century. The anticipated demographic shift provides governments the opportunity to proactively align policies with the estimated demands for housing, transportation, social protection, and health and well-being. Oral health is a fundamental component of health and physical and mental well-being, and is influenced by the individual's changing experience, perceptions, expectations and ability to adapt to circumstances.

A systematic review of silver diamine fluoride: Effectiveness and application in older adults.

Objective: This systematic review examines the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in the management of caries in older adults.

Background: Silver diamine fluoride has been extensively researched and proven effective for caries prevention and arrest in children. Limited studies support its effectiveness in adult and older adult populations.

Root Caries in Older Adults.

Older adults are retaining an increasing number of natural teeth, and nearly half of all individuals aged 75 and older have experienced root caries. Root caries is a major cause of tooth loss in older adults, and tooth loss is the most significant negative impact on oral health-related quality of life for the elderly. The need for improved preventive efforts and treatment strategies for this population is acute.

Shades of Decay: The Meanings of Tooth Discoloration and Deterioration to Mexican Immigrant Caregivers of Young Children.

The objective of this article is to investigate parental understanding of tooth discoloration and decay and their related care seeking for young, Mexican-American children. The research design entailed semi-structured, face-to-face interviews conducted in Spanish with a convenience sample of 37 Mexican immigrant mothers of young children in a low-income urban neighborhood. Five major color terms - white, off-white, yellow, brown, and black - were used to describe tooth discoloration, the causes of which were mainly unrecognized or attributed to poor oral hygiene and exposure to sweet substances.

Caregiver acceptability and preferences for preventive dental treatments for young African-American children.

Unlabelled: Our prior research focused on parental treatment acceptability (TA) and treatment preferences (TPs) for preventive dental treatments for young Hispanic children. We adapted the interview for administration to parents of young African-American children.

Objective: In a sample of African-American parents, determine parental TA and TP for five dental treatments to prevent early childhood caries.

Caregiver acceptability and preferences for early childhood caries preventive treatments for Hispanic children.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine caregiver treatment acceptability and preferences for five preventive dental treatments for early childhood caries in young Hispanic children.

Methods: We interviewed 211 parents/caregivers of Hispanic children attending Head Start programs regarding their acceptability of, and preferences for, five standard preventive dental treatments for young children. Treatments assessed were toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste, fluoride varnish, and xylitol in food for children, and xylitol gum and chlorhexidine rinse for mothers.

Developing an acceptability assessment of preventive dental treatments.

Objectives: Early childhood caries (ECC) is very prevalent among young Hispanic children. ECC is amenable to a variety of preventive procedures, yet many Hispanic families underutilize dental services. Acceptability research may assist in health care planning and resource allocation by identifying patient preferences among efficacious treatments with the goal of improving their utilization.

Educational and career pathways of dental hygienists: comparing graduates of associate and baccalaureate degree programs.

The purpose of this study was to compare the educational and career pathways of graduates from associate degree (A.S./A.

Giving policy some teeth: routes to reducing disparities in oral health.

Despite improvements in oral health status and clear links between oral and systemic health, oral health is not accorded the same importance in health care policy as is general health. This review of oral health disparities over the life span documents the results of this inequity. Dental concerns and unmet dental treatment needs, especially among vulnerable populations, are not well addressed in oral health policies.

Comparison of plain ice and flavoured ice for preventing oral mucositis associated with the use of 5 fluorouracil.

Aims And Objectives: The study aimed to compare the use of plain ice, flavoured ice and standard care, to evaluate the effect on mucositis and to determine patients' perceptions of the two forms of oral cryotherapy.

Background: Despite evidence that oral cryotherapy is useful in preventing mucositis in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil, concerns have been expressed about its clinical utility, due to potential side effects and negative perceptions.

Design: A randomized, controlled, crossover trial was conducted in the outpatient chemotherapy department of an acute care teaching hospital in Perth, Western Australia.

An evaluation of the San Francisco Department of Human Services Welfare Dental Program.

Objective: To evaluate the welfare-to-work San Francisco Personal Assisted Employment Services (PAES) Dental Program.

Methods: A cohort of 377 study participants in the novel PAES Dental Program were followed through their baseline examination, rehabilitative dental treatment, follow-up exam, and completion of patient satisfaction survey. A framework of structure, process, and outcome measures was used to evaluate the success of the Dental Program.

A Clostridium difficile gene encoding flagellin.

Six strains of Clostridium difficile examined by electron microscopy were found to carry flagella. The flagella of these strains were extracted and the N-terminal sequences of the flagellin proteins were determined. Four of the strains carried the N-terminal sequence MRVNTNVSAL exhibiting up to 90% identity to numerous flagellins.

Genuine, suppressed and faked facial behavior during exacerbation of chronic low back pain.

Facial activity was examined as 60 female and 60 male chronic low back pain patients responded to a painful range of motion exercise during a scheduled physical examination. Subsequently, they were asked to fake the facial response to the movement inducing the most pain or to attempt to suppress evidence that they were experiencing pain when this same movement was again repeated. Facial behavior was measured using the Facial Action Coding System.