Identifying potential cases of eating disorders in an acute medical hospital.

Objective: To identify patients presenting to an acute medical hospital with common signs and symptoms that occur in people with eating disorders (EDs), and determine by retrospective file audit if these are diagnosed cases of an ED.

Method: The investigators screened electronic medical records of people 16 years and older for common signs and symptoms of an ED such as hypokalemia, in patients presenting to an acute hospital in Sydney, Australia from 2018 to 2020. Cases where the clinical finding was unexplained had their file audited.

Psychometric properties of the Marschak Interaction Method of Psychometrics and the Assessment of Parent-Child Interaction within residential care and non-referred settings.

Introduction: Assessment and identification of children with developmental needs and their interaction with primary caregivers are critical for emotional and social development. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a scarcity of valid observation-based tools that guide the work with family communication, which is essential for the child's healthy development.

Method: The Marschak Interaction Method of Psychometrics (MIM-P) and Assessment of Parent-Child Interaction (APCI) are both interaction and observation-based assessment tool, and they were explored for their validity and reliability in assessing caregiver-child interaction.

Challenges and priorities for researching the gut microbiota in individuals living with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: The gut microbiota is implicated in several symptoms and biological pathways relevant to anorexia nervosa (AN). Investigations into the role of the gut microbiota in AN are growing, with a specific interest in the changes that occur in response to treatment. Findings suggest that microbial species may be associated with some of the symptoms common in AN, such as depression and gastrointestinal disturbances (GID).

Diet, Digestion, and the Dietitian: A Survey of Clinicians' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices to Advance the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disturbances in Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa.

Despite advances in treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN), current therapeutic approaches do not fully consider gastrointestinal disturbances (GID), often present in AN. Addressing GID, both symptoms and disorders, is likely to improve treatment adherence and outcomes in people with AN. GID are complex and are linked to a range of factors related to eating disorder symptomology and can be impacted by nutritional treatment.

Examining teacher approaches to implementation of a classwide SEL program.

Scale-up of universal social-emotional learning (SEL) programs has become a priority in schools to promote positive social outcomes for all students. Although studies have examined student outcomes associated with school-based SEL when extensive training and support are provided, research on teacher SEL implementation practices under typical conditions has received far less attention. As such, this study examined the first-year universal SEL implementation practices of 41 teachers across 13 schools in three states.

Impact of patient characteristics on clinicians' decisions to involve dietitians in eating disorder treatment.

Background: Dietetic involvement in eating disorder (ED) treatment is often initiated by other members of a patient's treating team. The present study aimed to examine the impact of patient characteristics on clinicians' decisions to involve a dietitian in a patient's ED treatment, as well as the influence of clinician characteristics on their decision-making.

Methods: ED clinicians were recruited to complete an online survey, which used case vignettes to assess their likelihood of referring patients to a dietitian or consulting with a dietitian for guidance.

Discrepancies Between Australian Eating Disorder Clinicians and Consumers Regarding Essential Components of Dietetic Treatment.

Background: A recent Delphi study indicated that, compared with eating disorder (ED) consumers and carers, ED specialists were less likely to endorse involvement of a dietitian as a standard component of treatment. In addition, there was disagreement between these groups regarding the inclusion of a number of components of dietetic treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to further investigate these data to identify areas of disagreement among ED specialist dietitians, ED specialist non-dietetic clinicians, consumers, and carers with regard to outpatient dietetic treatment.

Overcoming Barriers to PhD Education in Nursing.

Background: Doctoral programs continue to have high attrition rates. This article discusses barriers and success strategies for developing a new PhD program in nursing.

Method: A university in the southeastern United States surveyed current Master of Science in Nursing students and graduates regarding barriers to enrolling in a doctoral program.

Dietetic intervention for adult outpatients with an eating disorder: a systematic review and assessment of evidence quality.

Context: Eating disorders (EDs) are complex mental illnesses that require medical, psychological, and dietetic intervention to assist patients achieve recovery.

Objective: Available evidence was reviewed regarding dietetic intervention for adult outpatients with an ED and the quality of this evidence was assessed.

Data Sources: Systematic literature searches were conducted using 5 databases (MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) for studies comparing adults with an ED receiving a dietetic intervention with those receiving a psychological intervention alone, those receiving a combined dietetic and psychological intervention, or a control group.

Gastrointestinal symptoms following treatment for anorexia nervosa: A systematic literature review.

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a frequent and burdensome experience for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). How GI symptoms respond to current interventions is not well characterized, yet is critical to facilitate treatment success, and to inform the development of new treatments for AN. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify which treatments are effective in improving GI symptoms in patients with AN.

ANZAED practice and training standards for dietitians providing eating disorder treatment.

Introduction: Dietitians involved in eating disorder treatment are viewed as important members of the multidisciplinary team. However, the skills and knowledge that they require are not well characterised. Therefore, as part of a broader project to identify the key principles and clinical practice and training standards for mental health professionals and dietitians providing eating disorder treatment, the Australia & New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders (ANZAED) sought to identify the key practice and training standards specific to dietitians.

ANZAED eating disorder treatment principles and general clinical practice and training standards.

Introduction: Eating disorders are complex to manage, and there is limited guidance around the depth and breadth of knowledge, skills and experience required by treatment providers. The Australia & New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders (ANZAED) convened an expert group of eating disorder researchers and clinicians to define the clinical practice and training standards recommended for mental health professionals and dietitians providing treatment for individuals with an eating disorder. General principles and clinical practice standards were first developed, after which separate mental health professional and dietitian standards were drafted and collated by the appropriate members of the expert group.

Optimizing Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Treatment in a US Colocated HCV/Opioid Agonist Therapy Program.

Background: A minority of patients with opioid use disorder are treated for hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). While colocated HCV and opioid agonist therapy (OAT) along with harm reduction can facilitate prevention and cascade to cure, there are few real-world examples of such embedded care models in the United States in the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) era.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review to determine sustained virologic response (SVR) and reinfection rates during the first 5-year period of DAA availability among individuals tested and treated on-site at Rhode Island's only nonprofit methadone maintenance program.

Rationale and development of a manualised dietetic intervention for adults undergoing psychological treatment for an eating disorder.

Purpose: Due to the current dearth of literature regarding dietetic treatment for patients with an eating disorder (ED), no manualised dietetic interventions exist to enable the testing of dietetic treatments in this population. This paper aims to: (1) describe the rationale and development of a manualised dietetic intervention for adults undergoing concurrent psychological treatment for an ED; and (2) provide an overview of the feasibility testing of this intervention.

Methods: Current best evidence to date for dietetic treatment in EDs was utilised to develop a manualised dietetic intervention for feasibility testing alongside outpatient psychological 'treatment as usual'.

Development of consensus-based guidelines for outpatient dietetic treatment of eating disorders: A Delphi study.

Objective: To generate consensus-based guidelines for outpatient dietetic treatment of patients with an eating disorder (ED) using Delphi methodology.

Method: A modified Delphi method was used to develop consensus-based guidelines in several categories: referral to a dietitian; essential components of outpatient dietetic treatment; strategies to promote collaboration between dietitians and other healthcare professionals; and skills dietitians should possess if treating patients with an ED. Participants (n = 162) were coded into three panels: ED specialists (n = 79), non-ED specialists (n = 28), and consumers and carers with lived experience of an ED (n = 55).

A review of treatment manuals for adults with an eating disorder: nutrition content and consistency with current dietetic evidence.

Purpose: This study aimed to summarise the nutrition and food-related content of treatment manuals for adults with eating disorders (EDs) and assess the degree to which this information conforms with current guidelines and literature.

Methods: Treatment manuals for adults with an ED were identified by conducting an online search of Internet book dealer Amazon and University of Sydney library catalogue as per methods used in previous reviews of self-help patient resources. The nutrition and food-related content of these manuals was extracted and reviewed independently by two reviewers using a criteria based on current best evidence to date regarding dietetic treatment for EDs.

Pathogenesis of Renal Injury and Gene Expression Changes in the Male CD-1 Mouse Associated with Exposure to Empagliflozin.

An increased incidence of renal tubular adenomas and carcinomas was identified in the 2-year CD-1 mouse carcinogenicity study with empagliflozin (sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor) in high dose (1,000 mg/kg/day) male mice. A 13-week mouse renal investigative pathogenesis study was conducted with empagliflozin to evaluate dose dependency and temporal onset of nonneoplastic degenerative/regenerative renal tubular and molecular (genes, pathways) changes which precede neoplasia. Male and female CD-1 mice were given daily oral doses of 0, 100, 300, or 1,000 mg/kg/day (corresponding carcinogenicity study dose levels) for 1, 2, 4, 8, or 13 weeks.

At what cost? Examining the cost effectiveness of a universal social-emotional learning program.

Although implementation of universal social-emotional learning programs is becoming more common in schools, few studies have examined the cost-effectiveness of such programs. As such, the purpose of this article is two fold. First, we provide an overview of cost-effectiveness methods for school-based programs, and second, we share results of a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of a universal social-emotional learning (SEL) program, the Social Skills Improvement System-Classwide Intervention Program (SSIS-CIP; Elliott & Gresham, 2007).

Development of the "Recovery from Eating Disorders for Life" Food Guide (REAL Food Guide) - a food pyramid for adults with an eating disorder.

Background: There is limited evidence to inform nutrition and dietetic interventions for individuals with eating disorders even though it is recommended as an essential part of multidisciplinary management. There is minimal guidance, an absence of standardised nutrition educational material, and no research on how best to educate patients on healthy eating and how to achieve nutrition adequacy. Therefore the REAL Food Guide was developed.

Exploring the perceived usefulness of practical food groups in day treatment for individuals with eating disorders.

Background/aim: Recovery from eating disorders is a challenging process. Emerging literature suggests that occupational therapists may provide a useful contribution in delivering purposeful eating-related interventions as a potential treatment to support sustained cognitive and behavioural changes for individuals with eating disorders. This study aimed to evaluate participants' perceptions of the contribution of occupational therapy practical food groups (food based outings and cooking groups) in supporting their functional recovery.

The household economic burden of eating disorders and adherence to treatment in Australia.

Background: This study investigated the household economic burden of eating disorders and cost-related non-adherence to treatment in Australia.

Methods: Multi-centre prospective observational study using a structured questionnaire. Ninety participants were recruited from two clinic settings in New South Wales, Australia and from the community using social media.

Nonclinical safety of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin.

Empagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of the renal tubular sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, was developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nonclinical safety of empagliflozin was studied in a battery of tests to support global market authorization. Safety pharmacology studies indicated no effect of empagliflozin on measures of respiratory or central nervous system function in rats or cardiovascular safety in telemeterized dogs.

A review of feeding methods used in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Background: Clear evidence based guidelines on the best and safest method of achieving and maintaining normal body weight during inpatient treatment of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are currently not available. Oral feeding with food alone, high-energy liquid supplements, nasogastric feeding and parenteral nutrition all have the potential to achieve weight gain in the treatment of AN but the advantages and disadvantages of each method have not been comprehensively evaluated. A literature search was undertaken to identify papers describing feeding methods used during inpatient treatment of AN.