An Analysis of Individual Body Fat Depots and Risk of Developing Cancer: Insights From the Dallas Heart Study.

Objective: To examine the association between specific adipose tissue depots and the risk of incident cancer in the Dallas Heart Study.

Patients And Methods: Individuals without prevalent cancer in the Dallas Heart Study underwent quantification of adipose depots: visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and liver fat by magnetic resonance imaging, and subcutaneous lower-body fat (LBF) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2002, and were observed for the development of cancer for up to 12 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed to examine the association between fat depots and cancer.

Health-related behaviors and mortality outcomes in women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ.

Purpose: Women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast are at greater risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and other causes than from breast cancer, yet associations between health-related behaviors and mortality outcomes after DCIS have not been well studied.

Methods: We examined the association of body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking with mortality among 1925 women with DCIS in the Wisconsin In Situ Cohort study. Behaviors were self-reported through baseline interviews and up to three follow-up questionnaires.

Physical Activity and Adiposity-related Inflammation: The MESA.

Purpose: Physical activity is associated with decreased adiposity-related inflammation in adults. Whether this association is independent of central obesity is unknown but important for understanding the mechanisms associated with reducing cardiometabolic disease risk through physical activity. This study examined whether associations of physical activity and obesity-related inflammatory markers were independent of central adiposity.

Association of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Venous Thromboembolism: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.

Background: Much controversy surrounds the association of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Methods: We performed an individual level random-effect meta-analysis including 9 prospective studies with measured baseline cardiovascular disease risk factors and validated VTE events. Definitions were harmonized across studies.

Plasma Leptin Levels and Risk of Incident Cancer: Results from the Dallas Heart Study.

Purpose: Leptin dysregulation has been postulated to affect cancer risk through its effects on obesity and inflammation. Epidemiological data evaluating this relationship are conflicting and studies in non-white cohorts is lacking. Therefore, we examined the association of leptin with the risk of incident cancer in the multiethnic Dallas Heart Study (DHS).

A prospective study of dietary patterns and cancer mortality among Blacks and Whites in the REGARDS cohort.

Marked racial differences exist in dietary patterns and obesity, as well as cancer mortality. This study aims to assess whether dietary patterns are associated with cancer mortality overall and by race. We identified 22,041 participants from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.

Progression of CAC Score and Risk of Incident CVD.

Objectives: The authors sought to determine the relative contributions of baseline coronary artery calcification (CAC), follow-up CAC, and CAC progression on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Background: Repeat CAC scanning has been proposed as a method to track progression of total atherosclerotic burden. However, whether CAC progression is a useful predictor of future CVD events remains unclear.

Fitness during Breast Cancer Treatment and Recovery in an Athlete: A Case Study.

Purpose: This is a case study of an aerobically trained, multisport, female athlete (age = 39) diagnosed with stage IIIc human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer. The focus of the study is on measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O2peak) through the course of cancer therapy.

Methods: A symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test was performed to determine V˙O2peak.

Trends in Health-Related Quality of Life After a Diagnosis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

Purpose: Studies of quality of life (QoL) are scarce among survivors of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The objective of this study was to assess long-term QoL in DCIS survivors in relation to age at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, and treatments received.

Methods: We assessed physical and mental measures of health-related QoL in 1,604 patients with DCIS diagnosed in 1997 to 2006 with up to four follow-up interviews.

A Review of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Factors that Affect its Decline and Opportunities for Intervention.

Childhood cancer incidence and survivorship rates are increasing, leading to a growing population of survivors that are at risk for competing causes of death, most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a key modifiable CVD risk factor, is lower than expected among childhood survivors 5-20 years post-diagnosis. This review discusses the studies that demonstrate lower CRF in survivors of childhood cancer and the potential mechanisms and factors contributing to lower CRF in this population.

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations and Association of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentrations With Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in numerous but not all observational studies, and whether low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) alter this association is unknown. In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2012), we prospectively assessed the association of hs-CRP concentrations with incident CHD in participants who did not receive lipid-lowering therapy, as well as in those with LDL-C concentrations less than 130 mg/dL (n = 3,106) and those with LDL-C concentrations of 130 mg/dL or greater (n = 1,716) at baseline (2000-2002). Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the associations after adjustment for socioeconomic status, traditional risk factors, body mass index, diabetes, aspirin use, kidney function, and coronary artery calcium score.

Partnership Status and Socioeconomic Factors in Relation to Health Behavior Changes after a Diagnosis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

Background: Change in health behaviors can occur among women newly diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We sought to understand whether partnership status and socioeconomic status (SES) affected behavioral changes in body weight, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking.

Methods: The Wisconsin In Situ Cohort (WISC) study comprises 1,382 women diagnosed with DCIS with information on demographics, SES factors, and pre- and post-DCIS diagnosis health-related behaviors.

Autonomic dysfunction in early breast cancer: Incidence, clinical importance, and underlying mechanisms.

Autonomic dysfunction represents a loss of normal autonomic control of the cardiovascular system associated with both sympathetic nervous system overdrive and reduced efficacy of the parasympathetic nervous system. Autonomic dysfunction is a strong predictor of future coronary heart disease, vascular disease, and sudden cardiac death. In the current review, we will discuss the clinical importance of autonomic dysfunction as a cardiovascular risk marker among breast cancer patients.

Midlife Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Incident Cancer, and Survival After Cancer in Men: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Importance: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as assessed by formalized incremental exercise testing is an independent predictor of numerous chronic diseases, but its association with incident cancer or survival following a diagnosis of cancer has received little attention.

Objective: To assess the association between midlife CRF and incident cancer and survival following a cancer diagnosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective, observational cohort study conducted at a preventive medicine clinic.

A Prospective Analysis of Plasma Adiponectin and Risk of Incident Cancer: The Dallas Heart Study.

Background: Adiponectin dysregulation is postulated to affect cancer risk via modulation of insulin resistance and inflammation. Epidemiologic studies evaluating this relationship have conflicting results and data from non-white cohorts are lacking. We examined the association between adiponectin and risk of cancer incidence in the multiethnic Dallas Heart Study (DHS).

Impact of Weight Loss on Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin in Overweight-to-Obese Post Menopausal Breast Cancer Survivors.

Women who are obese at the time of breast cancer diagnosis have higher overall mortality than normal weight women and some evidence implicates adiponectin and leptin as contributing to prognostic disadvantage. While intentional weight loss is thought to improve prognosis, its impact on these adipokines is unclear. This study compared the pattern of change in plasma leptin and adiponectin in overweight-to-obese post-menopausal breast cancer survivors during weight loss.

Cardiorespiratory fitness in survivors of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a strong predictor of mortality, is impaired among cancer patients. There is limited data, however, regarding CRF levels in women diagnosed with gynecologic cancers.

Methods: We compared CRF among ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer cases (n=89) to age-matched controls (n=89) in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study (CCLS).

Weight loss interventions for breast cancer survivors: impact of dietary pattern.

Unlabelled: Body weight management is not emphasized in clinical practice guidelines for breast cancer survivors, reflecting the lack of evidence that weight loss improves prognosis. Even if this situation changes, the optimal design for weight loss interventions is unclear. We conducted a 6-month non-randomized, controlled weight loss intervention in 249 post-menopausal breast cancer survivors.

Health behavior change following a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: An opportunity to improve health outcomes.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive breast cancer that comprises approximately 20% of new breast cancer diagnoses. DCIS is predominantly detected by screening mammography prior to the development of any clinical symptoms. Prognosis following a DCIS diagnosis is excellent, due to both the availability of effective treatments and the frequently benign nature of the disease.

American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 and risk of venous thromboembolism: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Background: The American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 metric is being used to track the population's cardiovascular health (CVH) toward a 2020 goal for improvement. The metric includes body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, physical activity (PA), cigarette smoking, and diet. We hypothesized a lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with favorable Life's Simple 7 scores.

Relation between cancer and atrial fibrillation (from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study).

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with life-threatening cancer and those undergoing active cancer treatment. However, data from subjects with a history of non-life-threatening cancer and those who do not require active cancer treatment are lacking. A total of 15,428 (mean age 66 ± 8.

Exercise-based oncology rehabilitation: leveraging the cardiac rehabilitation model.

Purpose: The value of exercise and rehabilitative interventions for cancer survivors is increasingly clear, and oncology rehabilitation programs could provide these important interventions. However, a pathway to create oncology rehabilitation has not been delineated. Community-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs staffed by health care professionals with experience in providing rehabilitation and secondary prevention services to individuals with coronary heart disease are widely available and provide a potential model and location for oncology rehabilitation programs.

Racial differences in breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality among women with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast represents 15-20% of new breast cancer diagnoses in the US annually. However, long-term competing risks of mortality, as well as racial differences in outcomes among US women with DCIS, are unknown. Case data from the years 1978-2010 were obtained using SEER*Stat software available through the National Cancer Institute from the 2010 SEER registries.