What Influences the Willingness of Blacks and African Americans to Enroll in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Research? A Qualitative Vignette Analysis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) begins with an asymptomatic "preclinical" phase, in which abnormal biomarkers indicate risk for developing cognitive impairment. Research is increasingly focused on validating biomarkers to improve reliable diagnosis and timely clinical treatment of AD. Most preclinical biomarker research lacks adequate representation of Black/African American and other racially and ethnically minoritized individuals, limiting the applicability of data to these groups.

Cigarette Smoking Status, Cigarette Exposure, and Duration of Abstinence Predicting Incident Dementia and Death: A Multistate Model Approach.

Background: To fully characterize the risk for dementia associated with cigarette smoking, studies must consider competing risks that hinder the observation of dementia or modify the chance that dementia occurs (i.e., death).

Evaluation of a Motivation-Based Intervention to Reduce Health Risk Behaviors among Black Primary Care Patients with Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Background: Considerable evidence suggests that greater attention should be paid to the impact of trauma among low-income, racial/ethnic minority patients living in urban communities. The goal of this article is to evaluate a 2-session, motivational intervention designed to motivate a change in health risk behaviors among low-income, self-identified Black/African American patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).

Methods: Qualitative self-reported data described helpful aspects of the intervention and those that could be improved.

Health Risk Behaviors and Resilience Among Low-Income, Black Primary Care Patients: Qualitative Findings From a Trauma-Informed Primary Care Intervention Study.

This study describes an intervention with low-income, Black primary care patients and their experience in changing a health risk behavior. Participant themes, including behavioral coping, personal values, accomplishments and strengths, barriers and strategies, and social support, are understood in relationship to health behavior theories. Two structured interviews were conducted 1 month apart.

Learning from Transmasculine Experiences with Health Care: Tangible Inlets for Reducing Health Disparities Through Patient-Provider Relationships.

We examined health care experiences of transmasculine young adults to clarify factors contributing to mistrust in the health care system and identify tangible and modifiable means to address health disparities through improved patient-provider interactions. Thematic analysis highlights patterns within historical relationships between medical models and transmasculine embodiment, and provides guidance for health care clinicians, researchers, and policy makers to deliver competent services for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. The study team used qualitative methodology guided by interpretive phenomenological analysis.

Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Cerebral Perfusion in Whites and African Americans.

Background: Midlife cardiovascular risk factors increase risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite disproportionately high cardiovascular disease and dementia rates, African Americans are under-represented in studies of AD risk and research-based guidance on targeting vascular risk factors is lacking.

Objective: This study investigated relationships between specific cardiovascular risk factors and cerebral perfusion in White and African American adults enriched for AD risk.

Recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations in Alzheimer's disease research: A systematic review.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged adults. Yet, these populations are significantly underrepresented in research.

Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature for published reports describing recruitment and retention of individuals from underrepresented backgrounds in ADRD research or underrepresented participants' perspectives regarding ADRD research participation.

Apathy in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: Psychometric Validation of the Apathy Evaluation Scale.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to validate the Apathy Evaluation Scale, self-rated version (AES-S), and assess the severity of apathy in a cognitively healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Method: Three hundred and sixteen middle-aged adults were selected to represent a subset of the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Clinical Core: the Investigating Memory in People At-risk, Causes and Treatments cohort.

Results: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation identified 3 subscales: apathy, disinterest, and social withdrawal factors.

Common Sense Model Factors Affecting African Americans' Willingness to Consult a Healthcare Provider Regarding Symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: Although at increased risk for developing dementia compared with white patients, older African Americans are diagnosed later in the course of dementia. Using the common sense model (CSM) of illness perception, we sought to clarify processes promoting timely diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for African American patients.

Design, Setting, Participants: In-person, cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 187 African American (mean age: 60.

Psychometric validation of the Clubhouse climate questionnaire as an autonomy support measure for people with severe mental illness.

Background: Self-determination represents a paradigm shift from "shoulds" to "decisions and behaviors" as the best options for helping people with mental illness achieving recovery goals. Autonomy support plays an important role in self-determination.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to validate the Clubhouse climate questionnaire (CCQ) as an autonomy support measure.