In-Person Healthcare Simulation: An Umbrella Review of the Literature.

Given the large accumulation of research focused on the effectiveness of in-person simulation-based education (SBE), this umbrella review-or systematic review of systematic reviews-was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines to analyze collective findings and close identified literature gaps. This study presents a descriptive analysis of the most effective modalities, methods, and measurements of in-person SBE, as well as major themes that emerged during analysis as it relates to SBE outcomes.The major patterns or themes that emerged confirm for the first time a longstanding sentiment in the literature, specifically the following: a need to produce higher-quality research with greater rigor, larger sample sizes, more randomized controlled trials, mixed methods, and longitudinal studies.

Leading change in practice: how "longitudinal prebriefing" nurtures and sustains in situ simulation programs.

In situ simulation (ISS) programs deliver patient safety benefits to healthcare systems, however, face many challenges in both implementation and sustainability. Prebriefing is conducted immediately prior to a simulation activity to enhance engagement with the learning activity, but is not sufficient to embed and sustain an ISS program. Longer-term and broader change leadership is required to engage colleagues, secure time and resources, and sustain an in situ simulation program.

A practical guide to virtual debriefings: communities of inquiry perspective.

Many simulation programs have recently shifted towards providing remote simulations with virtual debriefings. Virtual debriefings involve educators facilitating conversations through web-based videoconferencing platforms. Facilitating debriefings through a computer interface introduces a unique set of challenges.

Testing of the Patients' Insights and Views of Teamwork (PIVOT) Survey: a validity study.

Objective: To explore patient observations of teamwork-related behaviors such as inter-team communication through a newly designed survey.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 101 patients (N=86) and caregivers (N=15) recruited from the emergency department (ED) of an urban, academic medical center (>85,000 visits/year) completed the 16-item Patients' Insights and Views Observing Teams (PIVOT) Survey. We evaluated validity evidence through descriptive statistics and analysis including a Many-facet Rasch model to determine associations between questionnaire items and sociodemographic characteristics.

Implementation of unit-based interventions to improve teamwork and patient safety on a medical service.

In a prior study involving 2 medical units, Structured Interdisciplinary Rounds (SIDRs) improved teamwork and reduced adverse events (AEs). SIDR was implemented on 5 additional units, and a pre- versus postintervention comparison was performed. SIDR combined a structured format for communication with daily interprofessional meetings.

Penetration of intra-arterially administered vincristine in experimental brain tumor.

Vincristine is an integral part of the "PCV" regimen that is commonly administered to treat primary brain tumors. The efficacy of vincristine as a single agent in these tumors has been poorly studied. This study was designed to determine whether vincristine enters normal rat brain or an intracranially or subcutaneously implanted glioma and to assess the presence of the efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on tumor and vascular endothelial cells.

A cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor compared with dexamethasone in a survival study of rats with intracerebral 9L gliosarcomas.

Although dexamethasone is very effective for controlling peritumoral cerebral edema, it is associated with distressing side effects that decrease the quality of life for many patients. One potential mechanism to explain the ability of dexamethasone to repair blood-brain barrier dysfunction is through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The purpose of this study was to determine in a rat brain tumor model whether SC-236, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, is as effective as dexamethasone.