White Counties Stand Apart: The Primacy of Residential Segregation in COVID-19 and HIV Diagnoses.

Emerging epidemiological data suggest that white Americans have a lower risk of acquiring COVID-19. Although many studies have pointed to the role of systemic racism in COVID-19 racial/ethnic disparities, few studies have examined the contribution of racial segregation. Residential segregation is associated with differing health outcomes by race/ethnicity for various diseases, including HIV.

HIV/AIDS National Strategic Plans of Sub-Saharan African countries: an analysis for gender equality and sex-disaggregated HIV targets.

National Strategic Plans (NSPs) for HIV/AIDS are country planning documents that set priorities for programmes and services, including a set of targets to quantify progress toward national and international goals. The inclusion of sex-disaggregated targets and targets to combat gender inequality is important given the high disease burden among young women and adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet no comprehensive gender-focused analysis of NSP targets has been performed. This analysis quantitatively evaluates national HIV targets, included in NSPs from eighteen Sub-Saharan African countries, for sex-disaggregation.

Strategies to improve the dietary quality of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) beneficiaries: an assessment of stakeholder opinions.

Objective: To examine the opinions of stakeholders on strategies to improve dietary quality of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants.

Design: Participants answered a thirty-eight-item web-based survey assessing opinions and perceptions of SNAP and programme policy changes.

Setting Usa Subjects: Survey of 522 individuals with stakeholder interest in SNAP, conducted in October through December 2011.

Associations of food stamp participation with dietary quality and obesity in children.

Objective: To determine if obesity and dietary quality in low-income children differed by participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly the Food Stamp Program.

Methods: The study population included 5193 children aged 4 to 19 with household incomes ≤130% of the federal poverty level from the 1999-2008 NHANES. Diet was measured by using 24-hour recalls.

A qualitative study of diverse experts' views about barriers and strategies to improve the diets and health of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) beneficiaries.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the largest federal food assistance program, currently serves 44.7 million Americans with a budget of $75 billion in 2011. This study engaged leading experts for in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore their opinions concerning the existing challenges and barriers to eating nutritiously in SNAP.

Public support for policies to improve the nutritional impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Objective: To determine public attitudes towards federal spending on nutrition assistance programmes and support for policies to improve the nutritional impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Design: Participants answered survey questions by telephone assessing support for SNAP spending and proposed programme policy changes.

Setting Usa Subjects: Survey of 3024 adults selected by random digit dialling conducted in April 2012, including 418 SNAP participants.

Multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that usually first affects people in their 20s or 30s. MS is one of the most common causes of nontraumatic disability among young and middle-aged individuals. Because symptoms of MS are extremely variable and often quite subtle, the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and management.