Effectiveness of a peer-to-peer, self-management intervention for young people with depression and anxiety in Denmark: an observational study and a propensity score-matched comparison.

Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of a 7-weeks peer-to-peer program for young people aged 15 to 25 years with depression or anxiety symptoms in Denmark.

Methods: A total of 483 participants (72% women) participated in the program and the evaluation. The participants completed questionnaires at baseline, postintervention, and at 5-month follow-up to assess changes in depression symptoms (using Beck's Depression Inventory-II), anxiety symptoms (using Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults) and self-efficacy in controlling or managing the illness (using the personal control subscale from the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised).

The Impact of Implementation Fidelity of a School-Based Multi-Component Smoking Prevention Intervention on Vocational Students' Smoking Behavior: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Preventing young people's cigarette smoking is a major public health priority, and smoking is especially prevalent in vocational schools. Well-enforced comprehensive school tobacco policies accompanied by preventive efforts show potential to reduce smoking, but the implementation process is crucial to achieve the intended effect. We investigate whether and how implementation fidelity of a multi-component smoking prevention intervention impacted student smoking outcomes after 4-5 months among students in Danish vocational education and training (national age range 15-65 years, mean 25.

Predicting longitudinal changes in patterns of tobacco and nicotine product use among adolescents: A Latent Transition Analysis based on the X:IT study.

Introduction: Understanding factors influencing the transition from non-use to tobacco and nicotine product initiation among adolescents is crucial for designing and implementing effective preventive strategies. This study explores transition patterns among 13-15-year-old adolescents in lower secondary school, focusing on the transition from non-use to tobacco and nicotine product initiation and the influence of individual, social, risk behavioral, and mental health factors on this transition.

Methods: Based on data from a Danish smoking prevention trial between 2017 and 2019, this study employed questionnaire surveys at three time points: baseline (start of seventh grade, n = 1,990, response rate = 86.

Increasing CB2 Receptor Activity after Early Life Stress Prevents Depressive Behavior in Female Rats.

Early adversity, the loss of the inhibitory GABAergic interneuron parvalbumin, and elevated neuroinflammation are associated with depression. Individuals with a maltreatment history initiate medicinal cannabis use earlier in life than non-maltreated individuals, suggesting self-medication. Female rats underwent maternal separation (MS) between 2 and 20 days of age to model early adversity or served as colony controls.

Development of a program theory for osteoporosis patient education in Denmark: a qualitative study based on realist evaluation.

Background: Osteoporosis patient education is offered in many countries worldwide. When evaluating complex interventions like these, it is important to understand how and why the intervention leads to effects. This study aimed to develop a program theory of osteoporosis patient education in Danish municipalities with a focus on examining the mechanisms of change i.

Factors sustaining legitimacy of smoking in Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools: a qualitative needs assessment.

Background: Most adult smokers started smoking in their teenage years, which increases the risk of nicotine dependence. In Denmark, there is a high prevalence of youth smoking among students in Vocational Education and Training (VET). However, reducing and preventing smoking in this group is a major challenge.

Relationship between smoking and mental health in educational settings with high smoking rates: a cohort study among Danish youth.

Background: Smoking and poor mental health in youth represent important public health priorities. This study aimed to (i) compare tobacco-related behaviors and mental health in two educational settings with high smoking rates: vocational education and training (VET) schools and preparatory basic education (PBE) schools, and (ii) examine associations between smoking at school start and mental health 5 months later.

Methods: Data were obtained from baseline ( = 1843) and follow-up ( = 1039) assessments conducted as part of a school-based trial in two rounds (baseline in August 2018 and August 2019).

Do school-based smoking preventive interventions have unintended effects? Post hoc analysis of the Focus cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Public health interventions are designed to improve specific health-related outcomes; however, they may also produce negative side effects, such as substitution use, psychological or social harms. Knowledge about the unintended effects of school-based smoking preventive interventions is sparse. Hence, this study examined these potential unintended effects of the smoking-reducing intervention, Focus, among students in the vocational education and training setting.

Potency and safety analysis of hemp delta-9 products: the hemp vs. cannabis demarcation problem.

Background: Hemp-derived delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (∆ THC) products are freely available for sale across much of the USA, but the federal legislation allowing their sale places only minimal requirements on companies. Products must contain no more than 0.3% ∆ THC by dry weight, but no limit is placed on overall dosage and there is no requirement that products are tested.

Context matters in smoking prevention: evaluating smoke-free school hours in Danish vocational schools.

Youth is a crucial period for smoking preventive interventions. School-based interventions targeting the policy level and the sociocultural processes of smoking show promising effects in reducing smoking uptake and prevalence. This study presents findings from the qualitative process evaluation of a smoking preventive intervention, Focus, in the vocational school (VET) setting.

Content validation of the HeartRunner questionnaire to volunteer responders dispatched to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A qualitative study.

Aim: To increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Denmark, volunteer responders are activated through a smartphone application (HeartRunner app) to quickly locate an automated external defibrillator (AED) and assist with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). All dispatched volunteer responders who have been activated by the app receive a follow-up questionnaire to evaluate their participation in the programme. The content of the questionnaire has never been thoroughly evaluated.

Effectiveness of the multi-component intervention 'Focus' on reducing smoking among students in the vocational education setting: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Social inequality in smoking remains an important public health issue. Upper secondary schools offering vocational education and training (VET) comprise more students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and have higher smoking prevalence than general high schools. This study examined the effects of a school-based multi-component intervention on students' smoking.

Perceived parental alcohol problems and later dropout and grade point average in high school: A register-based follow-up study.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that young people with perceived parental alcohol problems have higher dropout rates in high school and lower grade point average (GPA) at graduation compared to young people without perceived parental alcohol problems.

Methods: Data come from Danish National Youth Study 2014 (n = 62,171), merged with register-data on later dropout of high school and GPA. Multilevel Poisson regression models of incidence rates of dropout and multilevel linear models of GPA were used to assess the association with perceived parental alcohol problems.

Digital media use and sleep in late adolescence and young adulthood: A systematic review.

Despite much attention on digital media use and young peoples' sleep, the literature on digital media and its impact on sleep in older adolescents and young adults remains to be synthesized. We conducted a systematic review of studies including young people aged 16-25 years. We searched Medline, Web of Science, and CINAHL for observational studies, identifying 60 studies.

Commentary: Improving the Effectiveness and Utility of the Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative: A Full Translational Framework.

The Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Prevention Collaborative (HPC) is designed to expedite the development of programs aimed at preventing opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD) in older adolescents and young adults (ages 16-30). Funded by the National Institutes of Health Office of the Director (ODP-NIH), the HPC includes ten outcome studies that focus on distinct interventions to determine their effectiveness and real-world applicability. Also included is a coordinating center at RTI International that supports the individual projects.

The development of a health-promoting employment intervention with physical activity for young people Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET): NEXT STEP-on the path to education and job.

Background: In the EU, approx. 16.5% of the 20-34-year-olds are Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET).

Exploring factors associated with smokeless tobacco use among young people: A systematic scoping review.

Purpose: While smoking is declining among young people, smokeless tobacco use is increasing. Identifying who is using smokeless tobacco and why is essential in preventing smokeless tobacco use. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the factors of young people's use of smokeless tobacco in western countries and identify research gaps.

Who are the young users of tobacco products? Prevalence and characteristics of Danish adolescents who have either smoked cigarettes, used alternative tobacco products, or used both.

Aims: We examined characteristics (smoking in social relations, binge drinking, and well-being measures) of Danish 13-year-olds in relation to their tobacco use patterns. Ever use of cigarettes exclusively, ever use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs; e-cigarettes, snus, or waterpipe) exclusively, and use of both cigarettes and ATPs were studied.

Methods: We used self-reported data from students at 46 Danish schools in 2017 comprising 2,307 students (response rate = 86%).

Implementing a peer-to-peer, self-management intervention for young people with depression and anxiety in Denmark.

Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders share major risk factors and can often be effectively prevented or treated with similar interventions. However, less than half of young people with mental health problems seek professional help and hence innovative approaches to support this group are needed. To this end Coping with Anxiety and Depression shows promise.

Socioeconomic Differences in Cigarette Smoking and Alternative Tobacco Product Use Among Adolescents in a School-Based Smoking Preventive Intervention: Findings From the Second Year of the X:IT II Study.

Background: Health interventions may differently impact adolescents from diverse backgrounds. This study examined whether a smoking preventive intervention was equally effective in preventing cigarette smoking and use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs, i.e.

Neuroinflammation, Early-Life Adversity, and Brain Development.

The overarching objective is to review how early exposure to adversity interacts with inflammation to alter brain maturation. Both adversity and inflammation are significant risk factors for psychopathology. Literature relevant to the effects of adversity in children and adolescents on brain development is reviewed.