Neonatal upper limb arteriovenous malformation: a therapeutic challenge.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital vascular malformations with associated morbidities. We describe a neonatal case of upper limb high-flow AVM presenting with upper limb soft tissue mass and postnatal high-output heart failure. Doppler study suggested high-flow AVM, and later magnetic resonance angiography of the right upper limb confirmed the diagnosis.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia sepsis in preterm neonates.

, an environmentally ubiquitous microbe, is a challenging opportunistic pathogen in the hospital setting. Neonates are particularly vulnerable to infection with but information on presentation, therapeutic response and outcome of such infection in this population is limited. To expand this knowledge, we report here a series of five cases.

Galangin promotes apoptosis by upregulating the pro-apoptotic gene BAX in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive and formidable subtypes of breast cancer, devoid of targeted therapy and frequently leading to unfavorable prognoses and significant side effects. The demand for creative and effective treatment options has prompted the current study to investigate the potential of natural chemicals as therapeutic agents. This study intends to examine the efficacy of Galangin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, in treating triple-negative breast cancer.

Early onset fulminant neonatal sepsis and multiple serous effusions caused by in an extremely preterm neonate.

is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly isolated from environmental sources such as plants and soil. Infections in humans are usually reported following penetrating wounds or in hospital settings due to contaminated medical equipment. Neonatal sepsis caused by this organism is rare.

A survey on management practices of hypotension in preterm neonates: an Indian perspective.

Background: Hypotension is a common entity in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and is reported in 24%-50% of preterm infants with birth weight less than 1,500 g. Rapid diagnosis and aggressive management is crucial to reduce its detrimental effects on end-organs especially the brain. Physicians often rely on blood pressure alone as a reliable indicator of tissue perfusion, but variations exist in the definition of this crucial parameter.

Clinical Insights Into Lower Incisor Extraction for Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report.

Extracting a single lower front tooth can be an appropriate treatment for class I malocclusions when the alignment of the upper teeth is normal and there is an adequate overlap of the teeth. This approach is particularly effective in cases of significant crowding in the lower front teeth, especially when the space deficiency exceeds 4-5 mm and the combined width of the lower front teeth surpasses 83 mm. It is also a viable option for malocclusions resulting from discrepancies in tooth size, such as narrower upper front teeth or larger lower front teeth.

The use of a simple and affordable skin patch for measurement of transcutaneous bilirubin levels in neonates during phototherapy.

Background: Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements during and after phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia must be performed on unexposed skin. There are commercially made skin patches for this purpose, but they are relatively unavailable in low-resource settings. We devised a simple cotton patch and tested its use for TcB during phototherapy.

Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity among older adults in communities of China: A multicenter, cross-sectional study.

Background: This study investigated the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) among older adults in Chinese communities and its association with chronic diseases.

Methods: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of a 2014-2015 multicenter cross-sectional study involving adults aged ≥60 years from three representative cities in China. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria and Chinese local cutoffs were employed to define SO.

Unveiling the Quest: Crafting an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique to Uncover COVID-19 Antibodies.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound impact on global health. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools are crucial for effective disease control and management. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has emerged as a reliable and widely used method for detecting COVID-19 antibodies in patients, which develop in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Efficacy of an online lung ultrasound module on skill acquisition by clinician: a new paradigm.

Introduction: Lung ultrasound (LUS) as an assessment tool has seen significant expansion in adult, paediatric, and neonatal populations due to advancements in point-of-care ultrasound over the past two decades. However, with fewer experts and learning platforms available in low- and middle-income countries and the lack of a standardised supervised training programme, LUS is not currently effectively used to the best of its potential in neonatal units.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey assessed the efficacy of learning LUS via a mentor-based online teaching module (NEOPOCUS).

T-cell responses in COVID-19 survivors 6-8 months after infection: A longitudinal cohort study in Pune.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune response is crucial for disease management, although diminishing immunity raises the possibility of reinfection.

Methods: We examined the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of convalescent COVID-19 patients in matched samples collected at 1 and 6-8 months after infection. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from enrolled study participants and flow cytometry analysis was done to assess the lymphocyte subsets of naive, effector, central memory, and effector memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 patients at 1 and 6-8 months after infection.

Comparative efficacy of volume expansion, inotropes and vasopressors in preterm neonates with probable transitional circulatory instability in the first week of life: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: There exists limited agreement on the recommendations for the treatment of transitional circulatory instability (TCI) in preterm neonates OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of various interventions used to treat TCI METHODS: Medline and Embase were searched from inception to 21 July 2023. Two authors extracted the data independently. A Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis was used.

To Access Knowledge Regarding Organ Donation among Healthcare Workers and Their Willingness toward Organ Donation.

Background: In India, critical shortage of organ donations, particularly deceased donations, has led to a dire situation in India, with thousands of patients waiting for transplants and a significant number of them succumbing. One of the reasons for the shortage of organs for transplantation is unawareness and prejudiced information about organ donation. Being direct or indirect stakeholders, the knowledge regarding organ donation among healthcare workers may play an important role in the donation process.

The Evolution of Central Venous-to-arterial Carbon Dioxide Difference (PCO Gap) during Resuscitation Affects ICU Outcomes: A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: The usual methods of perfusion assessment in patients with shock, such as capillary refill time, skin mottling, and serial serum lactate measurements have many limitations. Veno-arterial difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO gap) is advocated being more reliable. We evaluated serial change in PCO gap during resuscitation in circulatory shock and its effect on ICU outcomes.

Hemodynamic effects of noradrenaline in neonatal septic shock: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The incidence of neonatal septic shock in low-income countries is 26.8% with a mortality rate of 35.4%.

Hemodynamics in neonates with polycythemia before and after partial exchange transfusion: an observational study.

Introduction: The current recommendations for the management of neonatal polycythemia are that partial exchange transfusion (PET) should be performed if the hematocrit is >70% in an asymptomatic neonate, or if the haematocrit is >65% in a symptomatic neonate. The hemodynamic effects of PET for neonatal polycythemia have not been well researched.

Objectives: To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of PET in neonates with polycythemia.

Randomised controlled trial to compare the effect of PIOMI (structured) and routine oromotor (unstructured) stimulation in improving readiness for oral feeding in preterm neonates.

Background: Oral motor stimulation interventions improve oral feeding readiness and earlier full oral feeding in preterm neonates. However, using a structured method may improve the transition time to full oral feeds and feeding efficiency with respect to weight gain and exclusive breastfeeding when compared to an unstructured intervention.

Objective: To compare the effect of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) and routine oromotor stimulation (OMS) on oral feeding readiness.

Point-of-care Ultrasound to Diagnose and Monitor the Course of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Context: Neonatal gut ultrasound (US) is an emerging clinical tool for quick diagnosis and prognosis in various abdominal pathologies. In this review, we summarize normal gut US findings and concentrate on the specifications of diagnosing necrotizing enterocolitis.

Evidence: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across numerous sources with relevant keywords along with the specified age group of 0-28 days of life.

Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Broad Spectrum Antibiotics Consumption in the Intensive Care Setting.

Background And Objectives: Antibiotics are the most commonly exploited agents in intensive care units. An antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) helps in the optimal utilization of antibiotics and prevents the development of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ASP on broad-spectrum antibiotic consumption in terms of defined daily dose (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT) before and after the implementation of an ASP.