An Approach for Live Motion Correction for TRUS-MR Prostate Fusion Biopsy using Deep Learning.

TRUS-MR fusion guided biopsy highly depends on the quality of alignment between pre-operative Magnetic Resonance (MR) image and live trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) image during biopsy. Lot of factors influence the alignment of prostate during the biopsy like rigid motion due to patient movement and deformation of the prostate due to probe pressure. For MR-TRUS alignment during live procedure, the efficiency of the algorithm and accuracy plays an important role.

Deep learning for vessel-specific coronary artery calcium scoring: validation on a multi-centre dataset.

Aims: To present and validate a fully automated, deep learning (DL)-based branch-wise coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring algorithm on a multi-centre dataset.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively included 1171 patients referred for a CAC computed tomography examination. Total CAC scores for each case were manually evaluated by a human reader.

Complete pancreatic duct disruption in an isolated pancreatic injury: successful endoscopic management.

Isolated pancreatic injury is uncommon and the management is challenging. Presentation is mostly delayed in such cases. We report a case of 26-year-old male, who was referred to our centre due to blunt abdominal trauma of 48 h duration with pain abdomen and vomiting.

Sero-diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs using faecal supernatant antigen.

In the present study, sero-diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs was studied using 250 field serum samples, collected from stray dogs. The three serological techniques viz., latex agglutination test (LAT), Dot-ELISA and enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB) were used to detect E.

Association of nad7a Gene with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Pigeonpea.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been exploited in the commercial pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] hybrid breeding system; however, the molecular mechanism behind this system is unknown.

An unusual case of pseudochylothorax.

A 25-year-old male patient presented with right-sided pleuritic chest pain and pain in the ankle. Radiological investigations revealed a right sided pleural effusion, lytic lesion in spine D10 with paravertebral abscess. Pleural fluid analysis showed elevated lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase, increased triglycerides, cholesterol, and no chylomicrons.

A case of mediastinitis secondary to retropharyngeal abscess.

A 50 year old male patient who consumed chicken bone soup, 4 days back, presented with dysphagia, high grade fever with chills, shortness of breath and swelling in face, neck and upper chest. Patient was toxic and in respiratory distress with room air oxygen saturation of 83%, which increased to 92% with 6 lit of oxygen through simple face mask. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a retro pharyngeal abscess and CT chest revealed Sub-cutaneous and mediastinal emphysema.

Evaluation and validation of housekeeping genes as reference for gene expression studies in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under drought stress conditions.

Gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a very sensitive technique and its sensitivity depends on the stable performance of reference gene(s) used in the study. A number of housekeeping genes have been used in various expression studies in many crops however, their expression were found to be inconsistent under different stress conditions. As a result, species specific housekeeping genes have been recommended for different expression studies in several crop species.

Kinetics of cytokine expression in bovine PBMCs and whole blood after in vitro stimulation with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen.

The interest in analysing antigen-specific cytokine responses has substantially increased in recent years, in part due to their use in assessing vaccine efficacy. In the present study, the kinetics of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression was determined in bovine PBMCs by real-time PCR and in whole blood by cytokine-release assay after in vitro stimulation with recall foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen. The results showed that the cytokine mRNA of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMCs were induced early (peak induction at 6 h), whereas the IL-4 mRNA showed delayed induction (peaked at 24 h).

Comparison of bluetongue virus detection and quantitation methods in south India.

Introduction: Bluetongue (BT), a vector-borne viral disease, primarily affects sheep. Of the 26 serotypes of BTV identified so far, 22 are reported to be circulating in India. Due to an increase in vector population and delays in disease diagnosis, the BT control program heavily relies on rapid and confirmatory diagnosis.

Incidence of subclinical mastitis and prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in organized farms and unorganized sectors.

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) represents a major proportion of the burden of mastitis. Determining somatic cell count (SCC) and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk are useful approaches to detect SCM. In order to correlate grades of SCM with the load of five major mastitis pathogens, 246 milk samples from a handful of organized and unorganized sectors were screened.

Buffalo alpha S1-casein gene 5'-flanking region and its interspecies comparison.

The expression of milk protein genes is tightly regulated in a spatio-temporal manner through the combinatorial interaction of lactogenic hormones and a set of transcription factors mediating developmental and tissue-specific gene expression. The recruitment of a unique set of transcription factors is determined by the cis-regulatory motifs present in the gene promoter region. Here, we report the isolation, sequencing, structural analysis and interspecies comparison of the 5'cis-regulatory region of the buffalo alpha S1 (αS1)-casein gene.

Montanide ISA™ 201 adjuvanted FMD vaccine induces improved immune responses and protection in cattle.

Despite significant advancements in modern vaccinology, inactivated whole virus vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remain the mainstay for prophylactic and emergency uses. Many efforts are currently devoted to improve the immune responses and protective efficacy of these vaccines. Adjuvants, which are often used to potentiate immune responses, provide an excellent mean to improve the efficacy of FMD vaccines.

Growth kinetics and immune response of chimeric foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype 'O' produced through replication competent mini genome of serotype Asia 1, 63/72, in BHK cell lines.

Regular vaccinations with potent vaccine, in endemic countries and vaccination to live in non-endemic countries are the methods available to control foot-and-mouth disease. Selection of candidate vaccine strain is not only cumbersome but the candidate should grow well for high potency vaccine preparation. Alternative strategy is to generate an infectious cDNA of a cell culture-adapted virus and use the replicon for development of tailor-made vaccines.

Influence of copy number on the expression levels of pandemic influenza hemagglutinin recombinant protein in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris.

The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of novel Swine Origin Influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) was engineered for expression in Pichia pastoris as a soluble secreted protein. The full length HA-synthetic gene having α secretory tag under the control of AOX1 promoter was integrated into P. pastoris genome through homologous recombination.

Sindbis virus replicase-based DNA vaccine construct encoding FMDV-specific multivalent epitope gene: studies on its immune responses in guinea pigs.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is still a perennial global menace affecting livestock health and production. It is imperative to figure out new ways to curb this disease. In this study, a sindbis virus replicase-based DNA vaccine, pSinCMV-Vac-MEG990, encoding a multivalent epitope gene (representing tandemly linked VP1 C-terminal halves of three foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes) was constructed.

Genetic diversity and population genetic analysis of bovine MHC class II DRB3.2 locus in three Bos indicus cattle breeds of Southern India.

The present study was performed to evaluate the genetic polymorphism of BoLA-DRB3.2 locus in Malnad Gidda, Hallikar and Ongole South Indian Bos indicus cattle breeds, employing the PCR-RFLP technique. In Malnad Gidda population, 37 BoLA-DRB3.

Cationic microparticle [poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)]-coated DNA vaccination induces a long-term immune response against foot and mouth disease in guinea pigs.

Background: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) can be controlled by regular vaccination and restriction of the movement of infected animals in the endemic countries. Although presently used, tissue culture inactivated vaccine gives protection, it has several limitations, including a short duration of immunity. DNA vaccine delivered through microparticles could comprise an alternative approach to conventional vaccine when aiming to circumvent these limitations.

Tissue culture independent transformation of the forage crop sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.): an easy method towards generation of transgenics.

A transformation system which is free of in vitro plant regeneration following Agrobacterium infection is established for the forage legume, Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) where in the entire embryo axis of the germinating seed was used as the target tissue for transformation. After standardization of transformation conditions, the cotyledonary node of the embryo axis was infected with Agrobacterium host LBA 4404 harboring the recombinant vector pCAMBIA 2301.

Self Replicating Gene Vaccine Carrying P1-2A Gene of FMDV Serotype O and its Effects on the Immune Responses of Cattle.

DNA vaccines are considered as alternatives to live attenuated ones for those diseases like foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) where the production and application of live vaccines have been found unsuccessful. However, stability of DNA and the quantity of antigen expressed are the major limitation with naked DNA vaccines. To address these issues self replicating gene vaccine construct was made for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type 'O' and studied.

Absence of heat intolerance (panting) syndrome in foot-and-mouth disease-affected Indian cattle (Bos indicus) is associated with intact thyroid gland function.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease with high morbidity and reduced productivity of affected animals. We studied the heat intolerance (HI) (panting) syndrome and the effect of FMD virus (FMDV) infection on thyroid gland function in Indian cattle (Bos indicus). Experimental infection with FMDV Asia 1 resulted in a mild form of disease with superficial lesions.

Improved immune response by ID-pVAC: a secretory DNA vaccine construct delivered by PLG micro particles against foot and mouth disease in guinea pigs.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks usually have devastating effects on the economy of countries were disease is endemic due to direct and indirect cost; most of them related to international trade embargoes of animals and animal products. Although currently used inactivated vaccine provides protection, it has several drawbacks like short duration of immunity, and the requirement for containment facilities. A DNA vaccine construct which expresses the secretary antigens, delivered through micro particles could be one of the alternate approaches to overcome these limitations.

Expression of bovine (Bos indicus) interleukin-18 in Escherichia coli and its biological activity.

IL-18 modulates immune functions by inducing IFN-γ production and promoting Th1 immune responses. In the present study, we amplified and cloned the sequence (582 bp) encoding full-length bovine IL-18 from PBMC stimulated with PHA. The nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence of Bos indicus IL-18 showed an identity of 86-98% compared with IL-18 sequences of other ruminants.

Vasopressor choice for hypotension in elective Cesarean section: ephedrine or phenylephrine?

Introduction: Hypotensive episodes are a common complication of spinal anesthesia during Cesarean section. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and the side effects of vasopressors, ephedrine and phenylephrine, administered for hypotension during elective Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Material And Methods: The study consisted of 100 selected ASA I/II females scheduled for elective Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

The relationship between cellular immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus Asia 1 and viral persistence in Indian cattle (Bosindicus).

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), the most contagious animal disease, is associated with persistent viral infection in ruminants, despite the induction of systemic immune response. The present study was performed to decipher the relation between the persistent FMD virus (FMDV) infection and cellular immune response in Indian cattle (Bosindicus) following experimental inoculation of FMDV Asia 1. Persistent viral infection (carriers) was detected by antigen capture RT-PCR on the oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid.