A Novel Machine Learning Model for Predicting Orthodontic Treatment Duration.

In the field of orthodontics, providing patients with accurate treatment time estimates is of utmost importance. As orthodontic practices continue to evolve and embrace new advancements, incorporating machine learning (ML) methods becomes increasingly valuable in improving orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to develop a novel ML model capable of predicting the orthodontic treatment duration based on essential pre-treatment variables.

Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathway for cesarean delivery on postoperative pain.

Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways provide evidence-based recommendations to optimize perioperative care.

Objective: This study aimed to holistically investigate the effect of implementing an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathway for all cesarean deliveries on postoperative pain experience.

Study Design: This was a prepost study comparing subjective and objective measures of postoperative pain before and after the implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathway for cesarean delivery.

Burden of fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis in persons with HIV: A diverse cross-sectional US multicenter study.

Background Aims: The current prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) due to alcohol-associated (AFLD) and nonalcoholic (NAFLD) origins in US persons with HIV (PWH) is not well defined. We prospectively evaluated the burden of FLD and hepatic fibrosis in a diverse cohort of PWH.

Approach Results: Consenting participants in outpatient HIV clinics in 3 centers in the US underwent detailed phenotyping, including liver ultrasound and vibration-controlled transient elastography for controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not associated with impairment in health-related quality of life in virally suppressed persons with human immune deficiency virus.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in persons with HIV (PWH) (HIV-NAFLD). It is unknown if HIV-NAFLD is associated with impairment in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We examined HRQOL in PWH with and without NAFLD, compared HRQOL in HIV- versus primary NAFLD, and determined factors associated with HRQOL in these groups.

Cervical change times during induction in nulliparas using vaginal or buccal misoprostol.

Aim: To determine if the time to cervical change and time to active labor were different when misoprostol was administered by a vaginal or buccal route for cervical ripening in nulliparas undergoing labor induction at term.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of nulliparous participants in the IMPROVE Study-A comparison of vaginal versus buccal misoprostol for cervical ripening for labor induction at term: a triple-masked randomized controlled trial (NCT02408315). The parent study was a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial in which patients beginning induction with a modified Bishop score ≤6 received either vaginal or buccal misoprostol and simultaneous placebo the opposite route.

Clinical significance of intermittent absent end-diastolic flow of the umbilical artery in fetal growth restriction.

Background: Fetal growth restriction can result from a variety of maternal, fetal, and placental conditions. Umbilical artery Doppler assesses the impedance to blood flow along the fetal component of the placental unit. An abnormal umbilical artery waveform reflects the presence of placental insufficiency and can help differentiate a growth-restricted fetus from the constitutionally small, thus guiding further management.

Emotional distress, stress, anxiety, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early- to mid-career women in healthcare sciences research.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to report stress and anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic on early- to mid-career women researchers in healthcare sciences research and determine the associated factors.

Methods: A 50-item self-administered internet questionnaire was developed using a mix of Likert-type scales and open-ended response questions. The survey was distributed June 10-August 3, 2020.

The impact of dental curriculum format on student performance on the national board dental examination.

The effectiveness of different curriculum types has long been debated by dental educators aiming to provide the best education possible to their students. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curriculum type (hybrid problem-based learning [PBL] vs. traditional) on National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) part I and II pass rates METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with a hybrid PBL cohort and traditional cohort.

Hypermethylation of miRNA-17-92 cluster in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diabetic retinopathy.

Background And Aims: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes. The inflammatory milieu of diabetes results in changes throughout the body. This study asked whether epigenetic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) reflect DR severity.

Examination of Social Inferencing Skills in Men and Women After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine sex differences in social inferencing deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to examine the odds of men and women being impaired while controlling for potential confounders.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Two TBI rehabilitation hospitals.

Intention to treat: obstetrical management at the threshold of viability.

Background: Despite medical advances in the care of extremely preterm neonates and growing acceptance of resuscitation at 23 and even 22 weeks gestation, controversy remains concerning the use of antepartum obstetric intervention s that are intended to improve outcomes in the setting of anticipated extremely preterm birth. In the absence of demonstrated benefit at <23 weeks gestation and with uncertain benefit at 23 weeks gestation, previous obstetric committee opinions have advised against their use at these gestational ages.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the use of obstetric intervention s at the threshold of viability based on neonatal resuscitation plan and to review the odds of survival to neonatal intensive care unit discharge based on use of obstetric intervention s with adjustment for neonatal factors.

Evaluating Negative Attributions in Persons With Brain Injury: A Comparison of 2 Measures.

Objectives: To compare construct and predictive validity, readability, and time-to-administer of 2 negative attribution measures in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Two TBI rehabilitation hospitals.

Participants: Eighty-five adults with complicated mild to severe TBI.

It Is Complex: Predicting Gastroschisis Outcomes Using Prenatal Imaging.

Background: Gastroschisis occurs in one of 2000 births with survival rates partially contingent on intestinal complications and time to establishing feeding. Enhancements in prenatal imaging have given better insight into postnatal outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine the gastroschisis patient population at a single children's hospital in the modern era and to use prenatal ultrasound (US) to develop new prenatal prognostic indicators.

Negative Attribution Bias and Related Risk Factors After Brain Injury.

Objective: In participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and peer controls, examine (1) differences in negative attributions (interpret ambiguous behaviors negatively); (2) cognitive and emotional factors associated with negative attributions; and (3) negative attribution associations with anger responses, life satisfaction, and participation.

Setting: Two TBI outpatient rehabilitation centers.

Participants: Participants with complicated mild to severe TBI (n = 105) and peer controls (n = 105).

Assessing Negative Attributions After Brain Injury With the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire.

Objectives: (1) To explore the construct validity of the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (ie, confirm negative attributions are associated with anger and aggression); and (2) use the AIHQ to examine negative attribution differences between participants with and without TBI.

Setting: Two rehabilitation hospitals.

Participants: Eighty-five adults with TBI and 86 healthy controls (HCs).

Psychosocial and Sociodemographic Contributors to Breastfeeding Intention in First-Time Mothers.

Objective: Breastfeeding has multiple benefits for women and babies. Understanding factors contributing to intention to exclusively breastfeed may allow for improving the rates in first-time mothers. The study objective was to examine factors associated with a woman's intention to breastfeed her first child.

Is There a Correlation Between Airway Volume and Maximum Constriction Area Location in Different Dentofacial Deformities?

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to correlate the airway volume and maximum constriction area (MCA) with the type of dentofacial deformity in patients who required orthognathic surgery.

Materials And Methods: The present retrospective cohort study included orthognathic surgery patients selected from the private practice of one of us. The selected cases were stratified into 5 different groups according to the clinical and cephalometric diagnosis of their dentofacial deformity.

Values clarification: Eliciting the values that inform and influence parents' treatment decisions for periviable birth.

Background: Values clarification can assist families facing the threat of periviable delivery in navigating the complexity of competing values related to death, disability, and quality of life (QOL).

Objective: We piloted values clarification exercises to inform resuscitation decision making and qualitatively assess perceptions of QOL.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-method study of women with threatened periviable delivery (22 0/7-24 6/7 weeks) and their important others (IOs).

The impact of decision quality on mental health following periviable delivery.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between decision quality and mental health outcomes for women and their important others (IO) 3 months following periviable birth.

Method: Mental health outcomes were assessed prior to delivery and at 3 months postpartum using depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (IES-22) scales. Decision quality was measured in terms of Decisional Conflict, Control, Regret, and Satisfaction with Decision.

A comparison of vaginal versus buccal misoprostol for cervical ripening in women for labor induction at term (the IMPROVE trial): a triple-masked randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cervical ripening is commonly needed for labor induction. Finding an optimal route of misoprostol dosing for efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction is important and not well studied for the buccal route.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of vaginal and buccal misoprostol for women undergoing labor induction at term.

Precision of the virtual occlusal record.

Objectives: To evaluate the precision of the virtual occlusal record using the Carestream CS3600 Intraoral Scanner (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, Ga).

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 participants were recruited for this prospective study using preestablished inclusion/exclusion criteria. A complete intraoral scan and two bite registrations were obtained.

Twin anemia-polycythemia sequence and routine monitoring practices amongst maternal-fetal medicine specialists in the United States: an initial investigation.

Background The purpose of this initial investigation was to begin to understand the routine twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) monitoring practices of maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFM specialists) in the United States in the absence of a formal guideline. Methods This study used an anonymous, online survey of 90 MFM specialists who were practicing in the United States. A $5 gift card to an online store was used to incentivize participants.

Predictors of orthodontic residency performance: .

Objective: To evaluate the association between resident selection criteria, including Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, and student performance in an orthodontic residency program.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the academic records of 70 orthodontic residency graduates from the Indiana University School of Dentistry. The following demographic and scholastic data were extracted from the student academic records: applicant age, gender, ethnicity, race, country of origin, dental school graduation year, GRE score, and graduate orthodontic grade point average (GPA).

Depression, anxiety, and mental health service experiences of women with a twin-twin transfusion syndrome pregnancy.

Symptoms of emotional distress during and after pregnancy may be introduced or exacerbated by unexpected medical conditions in the mother or fetus. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), which accounts for 17% of fetal deaths in twins and entails substantial medical uncertainty, may represent a particularly challenging pregnancy experience. Yet, little is known about the impact of TTTS on women's emotional health.