Prehypertension and its predictors among older adolescents: A cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal.

Prehypertension is a state of transition between normal blood pressure and hypertension. Adolescent prehypertension is a strong predictor of hypertension in adults and is now considered for cardiovascular intervention or risk reduction. This study was conducted among adolescents to assess the burden of pre-hypertension and its predictors.

Catastrophic health expenditure on chronic non-communicable diseases among elder population: A cross-sectional study from a sub-metropolitan city of Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: This study was conducted with the objective to analyze the out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditure and catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) on chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) among the elderly population, and the association of CHE on CNCD with associated factors among the same population.

Materials And Methods: We collected data from the elderly population of Dharan Sub-metropolitan city of the Eastern Nepal via door-to-door survey and face-to-face interview. The ten wards out of twenty were chosen by lottery method, and the equal proportion out of 280 samples was purposively chosen from each of ten wards (28 participants from each selected ward).

Prevalence of Oral Habits and its Association with Malocclusion in Primary Dentition among School Going Children of Nepal.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) study the prevalence of oral habits among school going children with primary dentition; (2) determine the association of oral habits with malocclusion in primary dentition; and (3) compare the prevalence of oral habits based on gender, race, age and grade.

Study Design: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 625 school going children with a complete set of primary dentitions. A closed-ended questionnaire was developed to gather information about oral habits followed by clinical examination.

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors Among Married Nepalese Men in Kathmandu Metropolitan City.

Background: Intimate Partner Violence is defined as the intentional use of physical force, or power, threatened or actual against on self/others or groups that results in injury, death, psychological harm.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu Metropolitan city in 2018. An adequate sample of 210 married men was selected from randomly selected 10 wards of Kathmandu Municipality.

Prevalence and determinants of non-communicable disease risk factors among adult population of Kathmandu.

Background: According to WHO, the deaths due to NCDs in Nepal have soared from 60% of all deaths in 2014 to 66% in 2018. The study assessed the prevalence and determinants of non-communicable disease risk factors among adult population of Kathmandu.

Materials And Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 among 18-69 years adults residing in municipalities of Kathmandu district.

Women's empowerment for abortion and family planning decision making among marginalized women in Nepal: a mixed method study.

Background: Women's empowerment is multidimensional. Women's education, employment, income, reproductive healthcare decision making, household level decision making and social status are vital for women's empowerment. Nepal is committed to achieving women empowerment and gender equality, which directly affects the reproductive health issues.

Assessment of Gingival Biotypes in Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal.

Background: Evaluation of gingival biotype has become a routine procedure in periodontal examination because the type of gingival biotype can positively or negatively affect the outcome of periodontal, restorative, orthodontic and implant therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the proportion of types of gingival biotypes in patients visiting a tertiary care center in eastern Nepal.

Methods: Two hundred and fifty patients between 25 to 45 years attending the Periodontology and Oral Implantology were assessed.

Occlusal Characteristics of Primary Dentition among School Going Children.

Background: Certain characteristics of the primary dentition have been described that may be required in the smooth transition from primary to permanent dentition and therefore development of ideal occlusion in permanent dentition. The objectives of this study were to assess different occlusal characteristics of primary dentition among school going children of Dharan, Nepal and to compare these occlusal characteristics based on gender and race.

Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 625 school children of Mongolian and Caucasian race, aged 3 to 7 years, and having complete set of primary dentition.

Perceived risk and associated factors of healthcare waste in selected hospitals of Kathmandu, Nepal.

Background: Healthcare waste management is the subject of a neglected issue in many developing countries. Health care facilities are facing a major challenge in handling healthcare wastes and reducing their potential risks to human health and the environment. Insufficient understanding of the risk associated with healthcare waste by health workforce can contribute to poor waste management practices.

Risk perception towards healthcare waste among community people in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Background: Healthcare waste management is a serious issue in context of developing countries. Better assessment of both risks and effects of exposure would permit improvements in the management of healthcare waste. However, there is not yet clear understanding of risks, and as consequences, inadequate management practices are often implemented.

Prevalence of Agenesis of Mandibular Third Molars in A Tertiary Healthcare Centre of Nepal.

Introduction: Racial variation, genetic inheritance and various other factors can affect the jaw size and ultimately the tooth size and number. Studies for agenesis of mandibular third molars have been carried out in various populations but the data relating to these are not evident from most of the parts of Nepal. Hence, the objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of agenesis of mandibular third molars among the population of patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of B.

Prevalence of Oral Habits of Schoolchildren in the Mixed Dentition in Dharan, Nepal.

To determine the prevalence of oral habits in the mixed dentition of schoolchildren in Dharan, Nepal and compare this prevalence between sexes, races, and age.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 830 schoolchildren of 10 randomly selected schools in Dharan. The presence or absence of oral habits was determined using a structured questionnaire, and an oral examination of the children was carried out under natural light.

Knowledge and perception about dental implants among undergraduate dental students.

Introduction: Awareness about dental implants is increasing among dental patients, which demands a higher level of competence for dental students. So, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception of undergraduate dental students about dental implants.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted after taking ethical clearance and approval from the Institutional Review Committee of B.

Histopathological Review of Diagnostic Categories of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology - An Institutional Experience of 5 Years.

Context: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) plays a crucial role in the evaluation of patients with thyroid lesions. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) was designed with a mission to standardize the process of diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions by FNA cytology (FNAC).

Aim: We aim to see the benefits of adopting TBSRTC, seek the cytological pitfalls in the diagnosis of thyroid FNAC, and identify the spectrum of thyroid lesions in our setup.

Work Related Injury among Welders Working in Metal Workshops of Dharan Municipality, Nepal.

Background: Injuries are a problem worldwide in all occupations. Welders are exposed to many hazards at work resulting in a variety of health problems including injuries at work. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated with injuries among welders in Dharan city of eastern Nepal.

Utility of Ischemia Modified Albumin as an Early Marker for Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: The diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome remains challenging, as cardiac troponins and creatine kinase-MB do not detect myocardial ischemia. Ischemia modified albumin is biomarker positive within 6-10 minutes following ischemic onset, where oxygen free radicals leads to reduction in binding capacity of human serum albumin to transitional metal-cobalt. The objective of this study was to compare ischemia modified albumin between acute coronary syndrome patients and healthy controls, and evaluate diagnostic performance of ischemia modified albumin compared to cardiac troponins, creatine kinase-MB and electrocardiogram in acute coronary syndrome patients.

Preferred Source and Perceived Need of More Information about Dental Implants by the Undergraduate Dental Students of Nepal: All Nepal Survey.

Objectives: This study was conducted to know the preferred source and perceived need of more information about dental implants by the undergraduate students of Nepal and their association with academic levels and gender.

Materials And Methods: It was conducted in all the dental colleges of Nepal from June 2016 to June 2017 after taking ethical clearance and approval from the research committee of BPKIHS. It included all those who were present at the time of survey.

Morbidity patterns among the welders of eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Welding process has many hazards that the welders are exposed to resulting in numbers of health effects and diseases. Safety measures and practices among welders are important ways of preventing or reducing the health hazards associated with this occupation. We conducted this study to find out the morbidity patterns among the welders working in eastern Nepal.

Reliability and Validity of a Nepalese Version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Subjects.

Purpose: To assess the reliability and to validate the translated Nepalese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EDENT-N) in Nepalese edentulous subjects.

Materials And Methods: The international guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaption of OHIP-EDENT were followed, and a Nepalese version of the questionnaire was adapted for this study. Eighty-eight completely edentulous subjects were then selected for the study and completed their responses for the questionnaire.

Awareness of occupational hazards and use of safety measures among welders: a cross-sectional study from Eastern Nepal.

Objective: The proper use of safety measures by welders is an important way of preventing and/or reducing a variety of health hazards that they are exposed to during welding. There is a lack of knowledge about hazards and personal protective equipments (PPEs) and the use of PPE among the welders in Nepal is limited. We designed a study to assess welders' awareness of hazards and PPE, and the use of PPE among the welders of eastern Nepal and to find a possible correlation between awareness and use of PPE among them.

Effect of gender preference on fertility: cross-sectional study among women of Tharu community from rural area of eastern region of Nepal.

Background: Son preference is predominant in developing countries especially South Asian countries and its effect is most visible when the fertility is on transition. Nepal is a country in South Asia where the fertility has declined and son is valued highly. This study examines the parent's gender preference for children and its effect on fertility and reproductive behaviors.

Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection in Nepal.

Objectives: The study aimed at finding prevalence, mode of transmission, and pattern of CD4 cell count among hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals in Nepal.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in three Volunteer Counseling and Testing clinics, one from Dharan and two from Kathmandu, Nepal. Three hundred and thirteen individuals were recruited.

Tobacco use and associated factors among adolescent students in Dharan, Eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.

Introduction: The tobacco use among the youth, in both smoking and smokeless forms, is quite high in the South East Asian region. Tobacco use is a major proven risk factor and contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and determine associated factors among adolescent students of Dharan municipality.

Critical analysis of performance of medical students.

Background: Admission to B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), a health sciences university, depends upon a candidate's academic score in prior education and performance in entrance examination.

Admission eligibility criteria and academic success of the BSc Nursing at BPKIHS, Nepal.

Present study was under taken to evaluate the admission eligibility criteria and academic success of BSc Nursing at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences in eastern Nepal. The average BSc Nursing scores were significantly associated with the performance in School Leaving Certificate (SLC), Entrance, BSc I, BSc II, BSc III and BSc IV but not with ISc score.