Dysbiosis of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory salivary cytokines during psoriasis providing a therapeutic window and a valuable diagnostic aid in future.

The objective of this article is to evaluate the salivary levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-10 in patients with active psoriasis and compare them with those in healthy control subjects. This study included 60 subjects who were clinically diagnosed cases with active psoriasis (categorized further into 33 mild to moderate and 27 severe cases based on the Psoriasis Area Severity Index score) and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10 in the unstimulated saliva of subjects were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BT Lab).

Population status and genetic assessment of mugger (Crocodylus palustris) in a tropical regulated river system in North India.

For rewilding the depleted crocodylian populations in India, a targeted 'one-species one area' based conservation approach was adopted in the early-1970s. Suitable habitats were identified and designated as protected areas, specifically targeted to recover a particular crocodylian species. A ~ 610 km stretch of Chambal River in the Ganga River Basin was declared as National Chambal Sanctuary to restore the 'Critically Endangered' gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), where active management of mugger (Crocodylus palustris) was discouraged.

Combination of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid vs. Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone for Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most documented form of OA and is accountable for about 80% of total OA cases worldwide [...

Correlation of angiogenic growth factors and inflammatory cytokines with the clinical phenotype of ocular tuberculosis.

Purpose: To determine the correlation of angiogenic growth factors and inflammatory cytokines with the clinical phenotype of ocular tuberculosis (OTB).

Methods: Vitreous fluid was analysed for cytokines in patients with OTB and non-OTB uveitis using multiplex fluorescent bead-based flow cytometric assay. The clinical phenotypes were recorded and correlated with vitreous biomarkers.

and variants in neonatal-onset versus infantile-onset primary congenital glaucoma.

Objective: To compare and variants in a cohort of neonatal-onset (NO) and infantile-onset (IO) primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Methods: This prospective observational study included 43 infants with PCG (14 NO and 29 IO) presenting between January 2017 and January 2019 with a minimum 1-year follow-up. and genes were screened using Sanger sequencing with in-silico analysis of the variants using Polymorphism Phenotyping v.

Microsatellite analysis reveals low genetic diversity in managed populations of the critically endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in India.

The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a critically endangered crocodylian, endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The species has experienced severe population decline during the twentieth century owing to habitat loss, poaching, and mortalities in passive fishing. Its extant populations have largely recovered through translocation programmes initiated in 1975.

Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery.

Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) with three recognised subspecies (R. e. eldii, R.

Proteomic profile of vitreous in patients with tubercular uveitis.

Objective: To elucidate disease-specific host protein profile in vitreous fluid of patients with intraocular inflammation due to tubercular uveitis (TBU).

Methods: Vitreous samples from 13 patients with TBU (group A), 7 with non-TBU (group B) and 9 with no uveitis (group C) were analysed by shotgun proteomics using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were subjected to pathway analysis using WEB-based Gene SeT Analysis Toolkit software.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Modulates Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Ocular Tuberculosis.

: To evaluate the role of angiogenic growth factors in the pathogenesis of intraocular tuberculosis.: Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) cells were infected with varying dilution of (MTB), ranging from several thousand to a few MTB bacilli to replicate paucibacillary conditions. Angiogenesis growth factors were evaluated using multiplex fluorescent bead based flow cytometry in the culture supernatant of RPE cells infected with MTB, vitreous fluids and tear samples of uveitis patients visiting retina clinic.

Tear IL-6 and IL-10 levels in HLA-B27-Associated Uveitis and Its clinical Implications.

: To evaluate the cytokine levels in tear samples of human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27)-associated uveitis.: Twenty HLA-B27-associated uveitis patients and 10 non-HLA-B27 uveitis controls were enrolled for the estimation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels in the tear samples. The cytokine levels were determined by flow cytometry using a bead-based assay.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis does not show evidence of molecular DNA in human cadaveric ocular tissues in an endemic setting.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in latent infection has been demonstrated in pulmonary/extra-pulmonary locations (lung, spleen, liver, kidney, adipose tissue) in autopsy studies, but its presence in ocular tissues in the latent state is not known.

Methods: We conducted molecular and histopathological study of 100 cadaver eyes (50 humans) who died from causes other than tuberculosis (TB) (and were potential candidates for corneal transplantation) to detect MTB in ocular tissues in an endemic setting. After removal of the corneal button, an 8 to 10 mm block of tissue (choroid, retina and part of the vitreous) was excised from the remaining globe for DNA isolation.

The Emerging Challenge of Diagnosing Drug-resistant Tubercular Uveitis: Experience of 110 Eyes from North India.

: Rapid and timely diagnosis of tubercular uveitis (TBU) is of paramount importance to save these eyes from blindness. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to carry out a comparative evaluation of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), MTBDRplus and Multiplex PCR (MPCR) for the diagnosis of TBU. These tests were performed on vitreous fluid of 110 patients with presumed TBU and 90 controls.

Features of Retinitis-like Lesions in Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.

: To describe the distinguishing features of retinitis-like lesions seen in vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) from viral and toxoplasma retinitis.: In this multicenter, retrospective study, we reviewed charts and imaging of consecutive patients with VRL. The associated features and the characteristics of retinitis-like lesions were assessed and compared with those of viral and toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

Fungal retinitis following influenza virus type A (H1N1) infection.

A 43-year-old male presented with left eye foveal retinits causing an acute visual loss following influenza virus type A infection (H1N1 infection or Swine flu). Considering viral (influenza) etiology, a prompt treatment with oral corticosteroids was started. But an initial poor response prompted an immediate diagnostic vitrectomy, which revealed Candida albicans.

Tooth Ache to Leprosy! Importance of Revisiting Diagnosis.

Atypical facial pain can be dreadful for the patient, and treating it can be an arduous task for the clinician, unless the diagnosis is constantly revisited.

A rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Fungal endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) secondary to contaminated intravenous fluid infusion is frequently seen in developing countries. Molds and yeasts are commonly implicated as the causative agents. Dematiaceous fungi such as Lecythophora have been linked to exogenous endophthalmitis but have never been reported to cause EE.

In vivo confocal microscopic characteristics of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in immunocompetent adults.

Background/aims: To describe in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) features of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in immunocompetent adult patients.

Methods: Patients suspected clinically to be suffering from microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis (ie, presence of unilateral follicular and/or papillary conjunctivitis in conjunction with multifocal, coarse corneal epitheliopathy) were subjected to IVCM with the Rostock Cornea Module of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3, and combined potassium hydroxide and calcofluor white (KOH+CFW) staining of the corneal scrapings, to detect the microsporidial spores. Detection of spores in corneal scrapings was considered as being confirmatory for microsporidial infection.

Ocular mycobacteriosis-dual infection of M. tuberculosis complex with M. fortuitum and M. bovis.

Background: We report unfavorable outcome in a patient with subretinal granuloma caused by dual infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex with Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium bovis in an immunosuppressed, non-HIV patient. We did a systematic review of literature on dual infection due to M. tuberculosis and M.

Safety and Outcome of Microincision Vitreous Surgery in Uveitis.

Purpose: To report the outcome of microincision vitreous surgery (MIVS) in uveitis.

Methods: In total, 103 patients (106 eyes) underwent diagnostic MIVS between March 2012 and April 2015. Postoperative evaluation included vitreous haze grading from clinical/electronic records, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications.