Intramyocardial right ventricular hydatid cyst in a young female with typical radiological features.

We report a rare case of isolated cardiac involvement by hydatid disease in a young female patient, who presented with a recent onset of chest pain and discomfort. The radiological investigations showed an intramyocardial hydatid cyst in the right ventricle-free wall, protruding into the right ventricular cavity. The lesion exhibited characteristic MRI findings of crumpled serpiginous detached membranes within it and delayed peripheral enhancement on dynamic postcontrast late-phase MRIs.

Anatomical correlates for the newly discovered meningeal layer in the existing literature: A systematic review.

The existence of a previously unrecognized subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM) was reported in a recent study. SLYM is described as an intermediate leptomeningeal layer between the arachnoid and pia mater in mouse and human brains, which divides the subarachnoid space (SAS) into two functional compartments. Being a macroscopic structure, having missed detection in previous studies is surprising.

Endovascular embolisation of posterior condylar canal dural arteriovenous fistula.

We describe a rare case of dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) of the posterior condylar canal in a man in his 30s who presented with recent onset headache and neck pain and subsequently acute intracranial haemorrhage. Radiological workup showed a medulla bridging vein draining dAVF of the right posterior condylar canal supplied by a meningeal branch of the right occipital artery. A dilated venous sac was seen compressing over cerebellar tonsil on the right side.

Contribution of Deep Cerebral Venous Anomaly to the Emergence of Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as Opposed to Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: The exact reason of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an enigma. The aim of this study is to identify if type III deep cerebral venous drainage is exclusively prevalent in patients with nonaneurysmal SAH and to enumerate the predictors of poorer outcome in these patients.

Methods: All patients of age >18 years, presented at our centre with spontaneous SAH on noncontrast computed tomography head and were divided into 2 groups, aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal SAH after 4-vessel DSA.

Management of scalp arteriovenous malformations: a rising trend towards percutaneous direct puncture embolization technique-our experience.

Background: Scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), or cirsoid aneurysms of the scalp, usually present with troublesome symptoms and cosmetic disfigurement. Endovascular/percutaneous embolization has evolved as a sole treatment method or adjunct to surgical excision in the management of scalp AVMs with an excellent outcome.

Purpose: To discuss minimally invasive techniques for treating scalp AVMs as well as to highlight the role of embolization before surgery.

Endovascular management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations presenting as multiple brain abscesses.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare vascular lesions characterised by abnormal connections between the pulmonary artery and vein bypassing the pulmonary capillary bed and causing right-to-left shunt. Paradoxical embolism is known to occur in these cases, leading to inoculation of septic focus in the systemic circulation. We report a case of multiple PAVMs who presented clinically with seizures and altered sensorium.

Balloon-Assisted Coiling of Intracranial Aneurysms: Technical Details and Evaluation of Local Complications.

Background: Wide-neck intracranial aneurysms need additional devices like balloons or stent for management. Balloon-assisted coiling has evolved both with interventionalist experience and device modifications.

Objective: We discussed our experience, evolution, and complications with this novel technique.

Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Is the deep venous system the hidden culprit?

Aim: The exact cause of bleeding in non-aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is yet to be established. The present study intends to evaluate the morphological variants of deep cerebral venous drainage, especially basal veins of Rosenthal (BVR), and to correlate if such a venous anomaly is associated with increased incidence of non-aneurysmal SAH.

Methods: A prospective analysis of all the patients of age more than 12 years with spontaneous non-aneurysmal SAH and undergone 4-vessel DSA for the diagnosis of the source of bleeding was included in the study (n = 59).

Combined endovascular and surgical management of a case of Cobb syndrome.

Cobb syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterised by spinal and cutaneous vascular malformations in a metameric distribution. Managing such cases is a challenge for the interventionists and neurosurgeons as the results are often suboptimal. We describe a case of Cobb syndrome in a young male child who presented clinically with acute paraparesis and lower backache.

Repeated aspiration and sclerotherapy to manage recurrent spinal epidermoid cyst.

Spinal epidermoid cysts are rare lesions and epidermoid cyst in intramedullary location is even rarer. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment; however, in cases of recurrence, repeat surgery becomes quite difficult. Treatment of recurrent intramedullary epidermoid cyst by surgery alone is a challenge.

Traumatic dissecting pathology of posterior cerebral artery: a report of two cases-aneurysm and pial arteriovenous fistula.

We present two cases of 17-year-old man and 10-year-old boy presenting with subarachnoid haemorrhage and a history of road traffic accident. One patient had dissecting aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the other patient had partially thrombosed aneurysm on CT angiography. On digital subtraction angiography of the second patient, there was formation of PCA pontomesencephalic vein pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF).

Getting More Out of Follow-up Three-Dimensional Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Endovascularly Treated Intracranial Aneurysms.

Background: We retrospectively re-evaluated follow-up three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in patients with aneurysms treated with coiling at our Institute.

Aims: To document the type and frequency of postcoiling residue patterns as seen on follow-up MRA and to document their evolution with time where a further follow-up MRA was available. To assess the implications of the location of the aneurysm on residue and recurrence.

Complete resolution of long pedunculated thrombus of the proximal ascending aorta following conservative management: an interesting case.

We report a case of a 60-year-old woman who presented clinically with symptoms of acute embolic stroke. On workup with MRI, carotid Doppler and subsequent CT angiography, a long pedunculated mobile thrombus was seen with the base of the thrombus attached to the ascending aorta and the tip protruding into the left common carotid artery. She was advised urgent cardiovascular surgery consultation; however, she preferred medical management over surgery.

Endovascular Management of Direct Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: Evolution of Cost Effective Sandwich Technique.

 There is a direct fistulous connection between the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus in cases of direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF). Endovascular embolization is the mainstay of management in this condition. This study is about the evolution of endovascular treatment methods and the development of a cost-effective technique for embolization of direct CCF at a tertiary care center.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from chronic perianal fistula mimicking horseshoe abscess.

Perianal fistulae are commonly seen clinical entity. Development of malignancy within a perianal fistula is rare. Even rarer is the development of mucinous adenocarcinoma in a chronic fistula-in-ano.