The Usefulness of Factor XIII Concentration Assessment in Patients in the Acute Phase of Ischaemic Stroke Treated with Thrombolysis.

Background And Aims: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in factor XIII in ischaemic stroke. The study's main aim was to assess the usefulness of factor XIII concentration determination in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) treated with thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA).

Methods: The study was conducted in two groups of 84 patients with AIS: group I-with thrombolytic therapy and group II-without thrombolysis.

Validation of Claims-Based Algorithm for Lyme Disease, Massachusetts, USA.

Compared with notifiable disease surveillance, claims-based algorithms estimate higher Lyme disease incidence, but their accuracy is unknown. We applied a previously developed Lyme disease algorithm (diagnosis code plus antimicrobial drug prescription dispensing within 30 days) to an administrative claims database in Massachusetts, USA, to identify a Lyme disease cohort during July 2000-June 2019. Clinicians reviewed and adjudicated medical charts from a cohort subset by using national surveillance case definitions.

Fast quantitative bone marrow lesion measurement on knee MRI for the assessment of osteoarthritis.

Objective: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent disease with a high economic and social cost. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize many KOA-related structures including bone marrow lesions (BMLs), which are associated with OA pain. Several semi-automated software methods have been developed to segment BMLs, using manual, labor-intensive methods, which can be costly for large clinical trials and other studies of KOA.

The relation of oral bisphosphonates to bone marrow lesion volume among women with osteoarthritis.

Objective: Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) contribute to pain and progression of knee OA. Bisphosphonates may be a potential disease-modifier through amelioration of BMLs. We sought to determine the effect of oral bisphosphonates on BML volume over 12 months.

Paediatric pre-operative anaesthetic clinic: A survey of consultant-led caseload and outcomes.

Aim: The role of pre-operative anaesthetic clinics (POAC) in adult practice is well-established and is developing in paediatric hospitals in the UK.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective survey of all patients assessed in our POAC by a consultant, determining the pre-operative problems and the perioperative anaesthetic interventions and outcomes.

Results: In 2016, 537 patients were seen by a consultant: the median age was 5.

A role for G protein-coupled receptor 137b in bone remodeling in mouse and zebrafish.

G protein-coupled receptor 137b (GPR137b) is an orphan seven-pass transmembrane receptor of unknown function. In mouse, Gpr137b is highly expressed in osteoclasts in vivo and is upregulated during in vitro differentiation. To elucidate the role that GPR137b plays in osteoclasts, we tested the effect of GPR137b deficiency on osteoclast maturation and resorbing activity.

How David Hatch became a professor of pediatric anesthesia.

This is an account of an interview with David John Hatch who was one of the first Professors of Pediatric Anesthesia in the world. He began his anesthesia career as a medical student administering chloroform and ended it 40 years later as a Consultant at Great Ormond Street Hospital where he developed and led a world renowned research team measuring and assessing lung function in infants and children. These productive years earned him his chair at the Institute of Child Health in London (part of University College London) funded by Portex (currently, a branch of Smiths Medical).

Perioperative experiences of anesthesia reported by children and parents.

Background: The Sprint National Anaesthesia Project reported feedback from adults but not from children. We developed questionnaires for children and parents, and conducted a survey of perioperative anesthetic experiences in a large pediatric hospital.

Methods: Patients undergoing elective general anesthesia were selected randomly each weekday over 10 weeks.

Linker proteins restore basement membrane and correct -related muscular dystrophy in mice.

-related muscular dystrophy ( MD or MDC1A) is the most frequent form of early-onset, fatal congenital muscular dystrophies. It is caused by mutations in , the gene encoding laminin-α2, the long arm of the heterotrimeric (α2, β1, and γ1) basement membrane protein laminin-211 (Lm-211). We establish that despite compensatory expression of laminin-α4, giving rise to Lm-411 (α4, β1, and γ1), muscle basement membrane is labile in MD biopsies.

Underestimating the size of the problem? UK anaesthesia for patients with obesity.

We analysed data from 14,000 patients in the 2013 United Kingdom Anaesthesia Activity Survey of the Fifth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland to examine anaesthetic, organisational and clinical practice for patients with obesity. We compared practice then with current guidance on management of this patient group. Obesity was reported in 22%, mainly Black, Afro-Caribbean and White Caucasian patients.

Effects of Teriparatide on Joint Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Articular erosions correlate with disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Biologic agents reduce erosion progression in RA, but erosion healing occurs infrequently. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of the anabolic agent teriparatide on joint erosion volume in RA patients treated with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi).

Utility of quantitative micro-computed tomographic analysis in zebrafish to define gene function during skeletogenesis.

The zebrafish is a powerful experimental model to investigate the genetic and morphologic basis of vertebrate development. Analysis of skeletogenesis in this fish is challenging as a result of the small size of the developing and adult zebrafish. Many of the bones of small fishes such as the zebrafish and medaka are quite thin, precluding many standard assays of bone quality and morphometrics commonly used on bones of larger animals.

Paediatric magnetic resonance enteroclysis under general anaesthesia - initial experience.

MR enterography is the accepted imaging reference standard for small bowel assessment in inflammatory bowel disease. There is an increasing cohort of children with inflammatory bowel disease presenting at an early age (<5 years) with severe disease. Younger children present a technical challenge for enterography because of the need for sedation/general anaesthesia to allow image optimisation and the need for oral contrast to allow adequate luminal assessment.

Quantitative measurement of medial femoral knee cartilage volume - analysis of the OA Biomarkers Consortium FNIH Study cohort.

Objective: Large studies of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) require well-characterized efficient methods to assess progression. We previously developed the local-area cartilage segmentation (LACS) software method, to measure cartilage volume on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The present study further validates this method in a larger patient cohort and assesses predictive validity in a case-control study.

Three-Dimensional Imaging-Based Web Application for Predicting Tracheal Tube Depth in Preterm Neonates.

Background: Positioning a tracheal tube (TT) to the correct depth in preterm infants is challenging. Currently, there is no reliable single-predictor model for neonates applicable to the whole range of size or age.

Objective: In this study, we used post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) of preterm infants to measure tracheal dimensions and to develop a clinical guide for TT positioning.

A survey of the dose of inhalational agents used to maintain anaesthesia in infants.

Background: Various animal studies suggest that currently used anaesthetics are toxic to the developing brain. Many reviews advise that the total anaesthetic drug exposure should be reduced but the dose usually used in clinical practice has not been clearly elucidated.

Objectives: To provide an overview of the dose ranges currently used in clinical practice during the maintenance phase of anaesthesia in infants undergoing anaesthesia for noncardiac surgery and diagnostic procedures.

The State of UK Dental Anaesthesia: Results From The NAP5 Activity Survey. A national survey by the 5th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.

The National Health Service anaesthesia annual activity (2013) was recently reported by the Fifth National Audit Program of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Within a large dataset were 620 dental cases. Here, we describe this data subset.

Accidental awareness during anesthesia in children.

This educational review explores the current understanding of accidental awareness during general anesthesia (AAGA) in children. Estimates of incidence in children vary between 1 in 135 (determined by direct questioning) and 1 in 51,500 (determined from spontaneous reporting). The lessons from the 5th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland show that the characteristics of spontaneous reports of AAGA are extremely variable and relate to the type of procedure and anesthetic technique rather than age group: approximately 50% of experiences were distressing; most lasted less than 5 min; neuromuscular blockade (NMB) combined with pain caused the most distress; most cases (approximately 70%) occur at induction or emergence.

Printed three-dimensional airway model assists planning of single-lung ventilation in a small child.

Background: Single-lung ventilation in infants and small children is challenging because suitable sizes of double-lumen cuffed tracheal tubes are not available. A 6-yr-old child required pulmonary saline washout for primary alveolar proteinosis, and therefore needed sequential single-lung ventilation in order to achieve safe oxygenation. Before undertaking this potentially hazardous procedure, we practised bronchial intubation on an anatomical model of her airway constructed from computed tomography (CT) data.