Genetic and linguistic comparisons reveal complex sex-biased transmission of language features.

The history of people's movements and interactions shapes both genetic and linguistic variation. Genes and languages are transmitted separately and their distributions reflect different aspects of human history, but some demographic processes can cause them to be similarly distributed. In particular, forms of societal organization, including movements in and out of a community, may have shaped the transmission of both genes and languages.

COVID-19 infection as a new risk factor for penile Mondor disease.

Background: Penile Mondor disease is a superficial dorsal vein thrombophlebitis of the penis, which mainly affects young and middle-aged men. It generally manifests as a visible painful cord located along the dorsal surface of the penis with signs of skin inflammation. The condition is usually self-limiting, but in severe cases a surgical procedure may be necessary in addition to pharmacological treatment.

A worldwide view of matriliny: using cross-cultural analyses to shed light on human kinship systems.

Although matriliny and matrilocality are relatively rare in contemporary human populations, these female-based descent and residence systems are present in different cultural contexts and across the globe. Previous research has generated numerous hypotheses about which cultural traits are associated with the stability or loss of matrilineal descent. In addition, several studies have examined matrilineal descent with phylogenetic analyses; however, the use of language phylogenies has restricted these analyses to comparisons within a single language family, often confined to a single continent.

Reversible secretome and signaling defects in diabetic mesenchymal stem cells from peripheral arterial disease patients.

Objective: Regenerative medicine seeks to stall or to reverse the pathologic consequences of chronic diseases. Many people with diabetes have peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which increases their already high risk of major amputation. Cellular therapies are a promising regenerative medicine approach to PAD that can be used to focally inject regenerative cells to endangered tissue beds.

Clinical importance of serum HE4 and MMP2 levels in endometrial cancer patients.

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the one of the most common cancers of the genital organ. HE4 and MMP2 are both proteins whose serum levels increase in endometrial cancer.

Aim: To explore the diagnostic potential of the serum levels of HE4 and MMP2 in patients with endometrial cancer and benign endometrial diseases.

MMP3 in Comparison to CA 125, HE4 and the ROMA Algorithm in Differentiation of Ovarian Tumors.

Ovarian cancer is a highly malignant neoplasm with high mortality rates. Research to identify markers facilitating early detection has been pursued for many years. Currently, diagnosis is based on the CA 125 and HE4 markers, as well as the ROMA algorithm.

Prognostic significance of red cell distribution width and other red cell parameters in patients with chronic heart failure during two years of follow-up.

Background: Studies published during the last decade seem to indicate red blood cell parameters as inexpensive, rapidly available, and simple tools for the assessment of prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of red cell parameters determined in a routine blood count in patients with CHF.

Methods: The study group included 165 patients with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV CHF hospitalised in the 2nd Department of Cardiology in Bydgoszcz.

Evaluation of factors that influence anxiety and satisfaction in patients undergoing bronchofiberoscopy with analgosedation.

Introduction: Bronchofiberoscopy (BF) is a key tool used in the management of patients with respiratory diseases. Describing factors that contribute to patient anxiety surrounding BF has the potential to influence patient management and willingness to undergo the procedure again in the future if needed.

Objectives: This study sought to understand what factors influence anxiety and satisfaction experienced by patients undergoing BF under conscious sedation.

High energy probe for detecting lymph node metastases with 18F-FDG in patients with head and neck cancer.

Aim: of this study was to validate a newly developed high energy probe (positron emission probe, PEP) optimised for localising PET tracers in vivo.

Patients And Methods: Physical investigations included determination of full width at half maximum (FWHM) values at a distance of 1 cm and angular resolution using different point sources. Values obtained with the new probe were compared to those of a conventional gamma probe (CGP).

Utilization of a commercial prostate brachytherapy planning system for 3D treatment planning of ophthalmic tumors.

The 3D brachytherapy transperineal ultrasound implant (B3DTUI) program by the Multimedia Medical System has been adopted for eye plaque treatment planning. The post op CT digitization option was selected to enter the actual seed coordinates present in the eye plaque. Although the B3DTUI algorithm is designated to calculate a permanent dose values, the described procedure allows determination of the dose distribution as the dose rate values.

Heating characteristics of the TRIPAS hyperthermia system for deep seated malignancy.

A deep heating hyperthermia device TRIPAS (a triapplicator system) consisting of three independent, dielectrically loaded horn applicators operating in phase at 300 MHz was investigated. The heating characteristics produced by this hyperthermia system were analyzed by means of thermochromic liquid-crystal cards and a modified CDRH (Center for Devices and Regulatory Health) elliptical phantom. Both homogenous and inhomogeneous phantoms were used, simulating high and low permittivity tissues (muscle and lung).

Utilization of a multilayer polyacrylamide phantom for evaluation of hyperthermia applicators.

A muscle-stimulating material made of polyacrylamide gel (PAG) for testing various kinds of hyperthermia applicators was investigated. The permittivity and conductivity dispersion of PAG, as well as an internal wavelength and penetration depth, were in good agreement with those of actual muscle at frequencies between 500 MHz and 3 GHz. A single formula for PAG covering three ISM bands, most commonly used for hyperthermia, 433, 915 and 2450 MHz, is presented.

Dielectric properties of mouse MCA1 fibrosarcoma at different stages of development.

The in vitro bulk electrical properties of MCA1 fibrosarcoma induced in C57B1/6 male mice were measured at frequencies of 10 kHz to 100 MHz, with some tissues measured to 2 GHz. The properties of normal surrounding tissue also were measured. A comparison of the dielectric properties between three different stages of tumor development as well as that between various locations within the tumor is reported.

In vitro dielectric properties of human tissues at radiofrequencies.

In vitro permittivity measurements of excised human liver, spleen, kidney and cardiac muscle at frequencies from 10 kHz to 100 MHz are described. An end-of-the-line capacitive sensor and a computer-controlled network analyser HP 3577 were employed. The results were compared with human data reported by other investigators as well as with the animal (cat) data obtained earlier in this laboratory.

Simulated biological materials for electromagnetic radiation absorption studies.

For the study of electromagnetic dosimetry and hyperthermia, it is necessary to simulate human biological materials. This can be done by chemical mixtures that are described in this paper. Formulas are presented for simulating bone, lung, brain, and muscle tissue in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 1 GHz.

In vivo and in vitro dielectric properties of feline tissues at low radiofrequencies.

The dielectric constant and conductivity of muscle, liver, spleen and kidney of cats in vivo and in situ immediately following the animal's death were measured at frequencies from 10 kHz to 100 MHz. A novel multi-ring capacitive sensor and a computer-controlled automatic network analyser (ANA) were employed. The results were compared with the data available from literature for the same species in the frequency range between 10 and 100 MHz.

Use of the loss-tangent function in dielectric spectroscopy.

A new method for finding the dielectric parameters of biological substances is presented. The method makes use of the loss-tangent as a function of frequency to identify the dominating relaxation process. The method was tested for a few cell suspensions (blood and lymphocytes) and two tissues (liver and spleen).

Postmortem changes of the dielectric properties of bovine brain tissues at low radiofrequencies.

The dielectric properties of the bovine brain grey and white matter in the frequency range from 20 kHz to 100 MHz were measured at different times following animal death. Changes in the dielectric parameters versus time are interpreted in terms of the reduction of the cell volume fraction that results from either cell disintegration or cell size reduction. Good agreement between the computer fitted parameters and the values calculated from the Maxwell-Wagner model of the static dielectric constants was found.

Dielectric properties of human B and T lymphocytes at frequencies from 20 kHz to 100 MHz.

Dielectric properties of the human B and T lymphocytes were measured. The experiments were performed at frequencies from 20 kHz to 100 MHz for different cell concentrations at 24 and 37 degrees C. An end of the line capacitive sensor and a computer-controlled automatic network analyser were utilised.

Radiofrequency dielectric properties of animal tissues as a function of time following death.

The dielectric properties of three bovine tissues, liver, kidney and spleen, as a function of time following death, were measured in the frequency range from 20 kHz to 100 MHz using an automatic network analyser and an end-of-the-line sensor. The dielectric constant of kidney and spleen decreases as a function of time following death, particularly at frequencies below 1 MHz. However, all tissues measured show a characteristic increase in the frequency-independent ionic conductivity.

A simple method for the determination of DNA molecular weight distribution.

A method is described for the molecular weight distribution of DNA which is determined from sedimentation-velocity analysis. Knowing the distribution of sedimentation coefficients for a single DNA concentration it is possible to extrapolate such a distribution to infinite dilution of the solute in a simple way. Two versions (using two or three terms of a series) of extrapolating equations are considered and discussed in detail.

[Latent iron-binding capacity of normal serum proteins by means of Fe-59].

Experimental investigations were carried out for confirming the possibility of saturation of the basic serum components with exogenous iron (not only transferin). In gel chromatography, paper electrophoresis and acetate cellulose electrophoresis it was demonstrated that the latent capacity for iron saturation is a feature of not only transferrin belonging to beta1 globulins, but also to some extent of albumins and alpha-globulins. Iron distribution was studied after 59Fe administration.