The Importance of Nanomedicine in Prophylactic and Theranostic Intervention of Bacterial Zoonoses and Reverse Zoonoses in the Era of Microbial Resistance.

Emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug resistance (XDR) and pandrug resistance (PDR) strains of bacteria in communicable diseases of zoonotic and reverse zoonotic importance is the major hurdle of one health concept. Increasing level of resistance against antibiotics among bacterial population throughout the world, slow pace of new antibacterial drug discovery and enhanced pace of resistance development by pathogenic bacteria possess major challenges for human and animal health as well as life in future. Alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccine; early, easy and effective diagnostics and therapeutic drugs against those resistant bacteria is the need of the hour.

Histomorphological differentiation of the skin of leopard (), leopard cat (), Bengal tiger (, and golden jackal ().

Background And Aim: Leopard (), leopard cat () Bengal tiger (), and golden jackal () are carnivores. Leopard and Bengal tiger are listed in the red list as vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources. Leopard cat and golden jackal are grouped under animals of least concern.