Publications by authors named "Surjit Singh"
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is the association between obesity, diabetes, CKD (chronic kidney disease), and cardiovascular disease. GDF-15 mainly acts through the GFRAL (Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Family Receptor Alpha-Like) receptor. GDF-15 and GDFRAL complex act mainly through RET co-receptors, further activating Ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways through downstream signaling.
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- The study focuses on infrazygomatic miniscrew implants (IZC-MSI) as temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics, highlighting their importance in supporting maxillary tooth movement.
- The systematic review aimed to evaluate the success rate and stability factors of IZC-MSI through a comprehensive electronic search of multiple databases.
- Results from 14 studies indicated a 92% overall success rate for these implants, with variations based on sample size and significant heterogeneity in factors influencing their stability.
Aims: To study the pattern of physical growth and pubertal changes in adolescent girls with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Methods And Material: Weight, height, BMI, waist and hip circumference among 50 adolescent SLE girls (aged 8-17 years) were cross-sectionally studied using standardized techniques and instruments. Breast development stage, presence or absence of pubic and axillary hair and age of attainment of menarche were also noted.
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the alveolar crestal bone height, alveolar bone thickness, and root resorption in mandibular incisors after fixed orthodontic treatment.
Methods: A total of 35 patients (mean age 17.02 ± 3.
Article Synopsis
- Heart failure affects around 64 million people, particularly with HFrEF, which lacks direct trial comparisons between leading treatments like ARNI and SGLT2 inhibitors.
- The study recruits 100 HFrEF patients and aims to compare the effects of dapagliflozin and sacubitril/valsartan over 16 weeks, focusing on biomarkers and cost-effectiveness.
- The findings are intended to guide clinicians on treatment decisions while exploring how these medications influence GDF-15 levels for better prognostic understanding.
Article Synopsis
- Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder that presents differently in children versus adults, and research is limited in developing countries where treatments are often inaccessible.
- In a study of 206 HAE patients, 61 were children under 18, with a median age of symptom onset at 6.2 years and diagnosis at 10.7 years, showing a median diagnostic delay of nearly 5 years.
- The most common symptoms in children included facial swelling and extremity swelling, while gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent compared to adults; the study represents the largest pediatric HAE cohort from a resource-constrained setting.
Background: Anti-MDA5 autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5-DM) is associated with clinically amyopathic forms and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, data in children are limited. In this study, we described our cohort of anti-MDA5-positive juvenile DM (MDA5-JDM) from a tertiary care center in North India.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of children with MDA5-JDM who were diagnosed and followed up at our center and compared them with our anti-MDA5-negative cohort.
Incidence of Kawasaki disease among children in Chandigarh, India during 2015-2019: a trend analysis.
Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia
October 2024
Background: Only limited information exists regarding the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) in low-income and middle-income countries. The present study provides the incidence of KD during 2015-2019 in Chandigarh, north India. Our centre follows the largest KD cohort in India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe value of CT coronary angiography for a comprehensive assessment of left circumflex artery in Kawasaki disease: 9 years of experience from a tertiary center.
Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia
October 2024
Article Synopsis
- Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is commonly used for evaluating coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease (KD), but this study found it to be less effective than computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA).
- In a 9-year study of 225 children with KD, CTCA identified coronary artery lesions in 41 patients (18.2%), while TTE only detected lesions in a third of those cases (36.6%).
- The findings suggest that CTCA is a more reliable imaging option for assessing coronary artery involvement in KD, which could influence treatment and monitoring strategies.
Article Synopsis
- Kawasaki disease (KD) is a serious condition primarily affecting children, characterized by fever and inflammation of medium blood vessels, but its exact causes are still unclear despite ongoing research.
- Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have enhanced our ability to study the immune response and molecular pathways involved in KD, offering insights beyond what was previously possible.
- This article highlights how scRNA-seq can identify specific immune cell behaviors and potential treatment strategies, aiming to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for KD in the future.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates Hyper IgE Syndrome (HIES), specifically how loss of function in the STAT3 gene leads to symptoms like recurrent infections and elevated IgE levels due to impaired immune responses.
- - Researchers focused on the unphosphorylated STAT3 and NF-κB (uSTAT3-uNF-κB) activation pathway, analyzing gene expression in patients and mutant plasmids after stimulation.
- - Results showed reduced expression of key signaling molecules and less interaction between STAT3 and NF-κB in HIES patients, indicating that the impaired uSTAT3-uNF-κB pathway significantly contributes to the disease.
Article Synopsis
- Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immune deficiency in adults and is linked to higher rates of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHLs).
- The review discusses changes in immune cells, genetic factors, and tissue pathology specifically related to NHLs in CVID patients.
- Immune defects in CVID, such as reduced T cell types and alterations in B cells, along with genetic markers and signaling pathways, may contribute to increased lymphoma risk and require further research to identify potential prognostic indicators.
Introduction: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders with a wide-ranging clinical phenotype, varying from increased predisposition to infections to dysregulation of the immune system, including autoimmune phenomena, autoinflammatory disorders, lymphoproliferation, and malignancy. Lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) in IEI refers to the nodal or extra-nodal and persistent or recurrent clonal or non-clonal proliferation of lymphoid cells in the clinical context of an inherited immunodeficiency or immune dysregulation. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of LPD in IEIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To synthesize the evidence on the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
Materials And Methods: For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched five databases and registries until 2 March 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was weight change.
Proteomics approach for biomarker discovery in Kawasaki disease.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol
December 2024
Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium vessel vasculitis mainly affecting children below the age of 5. KD is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries. Diagnosis of KD is clinical, and there are no pathognomonic laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Initial randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed that prophylactic azithromycin in pregnant women improved maternal and neonatal outcomes; however, the recent evidence did not show any benefit to neonatal survival. There is conflicting evidence over the role of azithromycin prophylaxis in antenatal and intrapartum periods. We explored whether azithromycin prophylaxis in pregnant women improves maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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- - Obesity is increasingly identified as a major global public health issue, with rates rising over the past 20 years.
- - Effective weight management requires a comprehensive approach, including behavioral treatments, medication, lifestyle changes, and possibly bariatric surgery.
- - Tirzepatide, a new dual agonist that targets GIP and GLP-1 receptors, has been approved for obesity management and is shown to better control blood sugar and promote greater weight loss compared to existing GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Treatment intensification in Kawasaki disease - current perspectives.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol
October 2024
Introduction: Intravenous immunoglobulin is the standard of care in Kawasaki disease. However, a subset of patients exhibits resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, even when Kawasaki disease is promptly diagnosed and managed. While intravenous immunoglobulin reduces the occurrence of coronary artery abnormalities from 15-25% to 3-5%, it does not entirely eliminate the risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There are significant barriers to healthcare access in tribal areas, even though for every 834 people, there is one public physician (registered allopathic and AYUSH doctors). More than 86% of hospital visits occur in rural areas. Furthermore, the bulk of them travel long distances to reach hospitals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting self-care adherence for glycaemic control in multimorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression using bupropion: a protocol for cross-over randomised controlled trial.
BMJ Open
June 2024
Introduction: Diabetes and depression are among the 10 biggest health burdens globally. They often coexist and exhibit a strong bidirectional relationship. Depression leads to decreased adherence to self-care activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The successful osseointegration around immediate implants requires high quality and quantity of osteogenesis around them. The role of magnesium as a boneenhancing mineral, and as an adjunctive analgesic has been well documented in orthopedic literature. However, there is a paucity of literature in its role in successful osseointegration around immediate implants.
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