Doxycycline prophylaxis and meningococcal group B vaccine to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections in France (ANRS 174 DOXYVAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design.

Background: Increased rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) and new interventions are needed. We aimed to assess whether post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with doxycycline could reduce the incidence of chlamydia or syphilis (or both) and whether the meningococcal group B vaccine (4CMenB) could reduce the incidence of gonorrhoea in this population.

Methods: ANRS 174 DOXYVAC is a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design conducted at ten hospital sites in Paris, France.

Gut microbiome diversity and composition in individuals with and without extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales carriage: a matched case-control study in infectious diseases department.

Objective: Little is known about the effect of gut microbial and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) carriage, particularly in the general population. The aim of this study was to identify microbiota signatures uniquely correlated with ESBL-E carriage.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study among individuals seeking care at the Sexual Health Clinic or Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.

Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Immunocompromised Patients Infected With the BA.1 or BA.2 Omicron SARS-CoV-2.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has led to a complete reconfiguration of the therapeutic landscape, with all monoclonal antibodies having lost any neutralization activity. We report here a case series of 75 immunocompromised patients infected by the Omicron variant who benefited from COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). At Day 28, the overall survival was 76% (95% CI 67-86) with no significant difference in the clinical outcome between patients with hematological malignancies, solid organ transplantation or autoimmune diseases.

Characteristics, management, and outcome of tuberculosis after liver transplant: A case series and literature review.

Background: Liver transplant recipients are at risk of tuberculosis, which is particularly difficult-to diagnose and to treat in this population.

Methods: Retrospective study of all cases of tuberculosis diagnosed from 2007 to 2022 in the French network of liver transplant sites.

Results: Twenty-three liver transplant recipients were diagnosed with tuberculosis (six females, median age 59 years [interquartile range, 54-62]), with a median time lapse of 10 months [5-40.

Are unknown co-medications, over-the-counter and off-label drug use still problems among people living with HIV? Results from a transversal survey in 23 centres in France.

Introduction: Polypharmacy can lead to drug-drug interactions (DDIs), especially with ART. The burden of co-medications, including over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and self-medications, could be underestimated. We aimed to investigate the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) with declared and undeclared co-medications, as well as their potential burden.

Four days/week antiretroviral maintenance strategy (ANRS 170 QUATUOR): substudies of reservoirs and ultrasensitive drug resistance.

Background: In a 4 days/week (4/7 days) maintenance strategy (ANRS-170 QUATUOR trial), the virological impact of an intermittent strategy was assessed by ultrasensitive virological analyses of reservoirs and resistance.

Methods: HIV-1 total DNA, ultra-sensitive plasma viral load (USpVL) and semen VL were measured in the first 121 participants. Sanger and ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) were performed on the HIV-1 genome (Illumina technology) according to the ANRS consensus.

Effectiveness of third-generation cephalosporins or piperacillin compared with cefepime or carbapenems for severe infections caused by wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: A multi-centre retrospective propensity-weighted study.

Background: The optimal treatment regimen for infections caused by wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales remains controversial. This study compared the outcomes of bloodstream infections (BSI) and pneumonia according to the type of definitive antibiotic therapy: third-generation cephalosporin (3GC), piperacillin ± tazobactam, cefepime or carbapenem.

Methods: All cases of BSI and pneumonia caused by wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales over 2 years in eight university hospitals were reviewed.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases in a Hospitalised Migrant Population in Paris, France, a Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) carriage and its risk factors in hospitalized migrants. Additionally, the prevalence of infectious diseases was evaluated, as well as symptoms of psychological trauma. We conducted a retrospective monocentric cross-sectional study including all migrant patients recently arrived and hospitalised over a one-year period.

Impact and Tolerance of Immunosuppressive Treatments in Patients Living with HIV with Inflammatory or Autoimmune Diseases.

Background: Patients living with HIV (PLWHIV) can develop autoimmune diseases (AD) needing immunosuppressive treatments (IST). This study aims to describe the impact of IST in PLWHIV.

Methods: This was a multicentric retrospective observational study in six HIV referral centers on PLWHIV under IST for AD.

Impact on renal function of daily and on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in the ANRS-PREVENIR study.

Objectives: To assess the impact on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of different tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine dosing regimens for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Patients And Methods: We included in the study individuals with baseline eGFR > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 who initiated PrEP in the ongoing ANRS-PREVENIR PrEP cohort.

Daily and on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil (ANRS PREVENIR): a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: There are few data available regarding the use of on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. We aimed to assess PrEP effectiveness, adherence, and safety in adults using daily or on-demand PrEP.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study (ANRS PREVENIR) at 26 sites in the Paris region, France.

Prospective Comparison Between Shotgun Metagenomics and Sanger Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene for the Etiological Diagnosis of Infections.

Bacteriological diagnosis is traditionally based on culture. However, this method may be limited by the difficulty of cultivating certain species or by prior exposure to antibiotics, which justifies the resort to molecular methods, such as Sanger sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (Sanger 16S). Recently, shotgun metagenomics (SMg) has emerged as a powerful tool to identify a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms in numerous clinical contexts.

Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales: A Cross-sectional and Prospective Study.

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) represent a major threat to public health. Little is known on their potential for sexual transmission.

Methods: We recruited individuals at a sexually transmitted infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outpatient clinic in Paris, France, in whom we evaluated the prevalence of ESBL-E intestinal carriage and, among those testing positive, the proportion with clearance 6 months thereafter.

Convalescent plasma improves overall survival in patients with B-cell lymphoid malignancy and COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort and propensity score analysis.

Patients with hematological malignancy and COVID-19 display a high mortality rate. In such patients, immunosuppression due to underlying disease and previous specific treatments impair humoral response, limiting viral clearance. Thus, COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy appears as a promising approach through the transfer of neutralizing antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2.

Why are people still dying of drug-susceptible TB in Paris in the 21 century?

Although the burden of TB is lower in France than in low-income countries, patients continue to die from TB in Paris. Our goal was to describe TB-related deaths and to identify associated risk factors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in two hospitals in Paris between 2013 and 2018.

Cutaneous diphtheria: three case-reports to discuss determinants of re-emergence in resource-rich settings.

Diphtheria is a re-emerging disease in resource-rich settings. We here report three cases of cutaneous diphtheria diagnosed and managed in our infectious disease department and discuss the determinants of its re-emergence. Migration, travel and vaccine scepticism are key factors not only for diphtheria re-emergence, but for the future of most preventable diseases.

Viral genomic, metagenomic and human transcriptomic characterization and prediction of the clinical forms of COVID-19.

COVID-19 is characterized by respiratory symptoms of various severities, ranging from mild upper respiratory signs to acute respiratory failure/acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with a high mortality rate. However, the pathophysiology of the disease is largely unknown. Shotgun metagenomics from nasopharyngeal swabs were used to characterize the genomic, metagenomic and transcriptomic features of patients from the first pandemic wave with various forms of COVID-19, including outpatients, patients hospitalized not requiring intensive care, and patients in the intensive care unit, to identify viral and/or host factors associated with the most severe forms of the disease.

Ritonavir associated maculopathy- multimodal imaging and electrophysiology findings.

Purpose: To report the case 47-year-old patient presenting with severe maculopathy associated with long-term ritonavir treatment.

Methods: Observational case report of one patient and literature review.

Results: A 47 year-old Caucasian man presented with progressive bilateral vision loss for the past 5 years.

Mycobacterium bovis infection of an aortobifemoral bypass graft with Streptococcus intermedius superinfection after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for bladder cancer.

Background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a life-attenuated form of Mycobacterium bovis widely used as immunotherapy for localized bladder cancer. Adverse reactions to intravesical BCG instillations are rare.

Case: We describe a 70-year-old man with a history of an aortobifemoral bypass graft, placement of a synthetic mesh for treatment of a ventral hernia and, most recently, superficial bladder cancer treated with BCG therapy.