Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on CD14 + CD16+ monocyte counts in peripheral blood samples: a clinical interventional study.

Monocytes and their macrophage progeny are thought to be involved in tissue and alveolar bone destruction in periodontal disease. It has been documented that the proportion of (CD14 + CD16+) non-classical monocytes in the blood are elevated in chronic periodontitis;A total of 20 chronic generalized periodontitis patients who were otherwise healthy, were recruited for this study. At baseline and 3 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment, peripheral blood was obtained to assess the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the proportion of monocyte subsets.

Fingerprint patterns in neuropsychological disorder depression among south Indian population.

Depression is a pervasive mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness and an inability to enjoy activities that were once enjoyable. This study compares the dermatoglyphic patterns of depressed patients with those of healthy, normal individuals in order to determine if dermatoglyphic patterns can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prompt intervention of depression. A total of 100 depressive disorder patients of both sexes between the ages of 18 and 60 were selected for the study.

Efficacy of chlorhexidine/herbal formulation for microbial reduction in aerosol generated following ultrasonic scaling - A double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Ultrasonic scaling is a potential source of aerosol contamination in dental clinics. The two primary sources of microbial load in aerosols are from the oral cavity and dental unit water line. Literature evidence suggest that the use of preprocedural mouth rinse reduce the bacterial load in aerosol generated during ultrasonic scaling.

Salivary, Plasma, and Gingival Levels of Melatonin and TNF-α in Nonsmokers and Current Smokers with and without Periodontal Disease.

Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify the levels of gingival, salivary, and plasma melatonin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in healthy individuals and chronic generalized periodontitis patients with and without cigarette smoking habit and to investigate whether a relationship exists between melatonin and TNF-α levels in the samples.

Materials And Methods: Blood of 5 mL, 5 mL of saliva, and gingival tissue samples were obtained from 30 periodontally healthy individuals without smoking habit (HP), 30 nonsmoking patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CP), 30 periodontally healthy individuals with current smoking habit (SHP), and 30 current smoker patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (SCP). The levels of melatonin and TNF-α in the samples were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Proinflammatory (CD14+CD16++) monocytes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with/without chronic periodontitis.

Background: Until date, the proportion of nonclassic monocytes in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with and without chronic periodontitis has not been evaluated based on glycemic control. The objective of this study was to compare the proportion of CD14+CD16++ monocytes in type 2 diabetic patients with and without chronic periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: In this cross sectional study A total of sixty individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( = 15/group) were recruited.

Differential expression of periostin, sclerostin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand genes in severe chronic periodontitis.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the expression profile of periostin (POSTN), sclerostin (SOST), receptor activator nuclear factor-κB (RANK), and RANK ligand (RANKL) genes in gingival tissue samples collected from healthy gingiva (control) and severe chronic periodontitis sites.

Methods: Fifty systemically-healthy individuals was enrolled in the present case-control study. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from healthy gingiva (N = 25) and sites with severe chronic periodontitis (N = 25).

Cyclosporine-A induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in human gingival fibroblasts - An in vitro study.

Drug induced gingival overgrowth is one of the side effects affecting the gingiva due to administration of certain systemic drugs. Cyclosporine A is one such drug which is commonly used in organ transplant conditions. The resultant overgrowth is fibrotic and extensive in nature which could impair patient esthetics and masticatory function.

Human umbilical cord tissue stem cells and neuronal lineages in an injectable caffeic acid-bioconjugated gelatin hydrogel for transplantation.

Present-day scaffolds are useful in cell therapy to a reasonable extent, but in pursuit of improvising the scaffold to improve the outcome, we tested a new injectable caffeic acid-bioconjugated gelatin hydrogel scaffold (CBGH; with tunable stiffness -10%). Two-dimensional (2D) form of human umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) culture performed based on our previously reported methods and characterized by using multipotent and pluripotent analysis. In addition, neurogenesis was induced in the presence of retinoic acid or neural growth factor or epidermal growth factor categorized by neuronal markers.

Glucose sensing in oral mucosa simulating phantom using differential absorption based frequency domain low-coherence interferometry.

The superluminescent diode based differential absorption frequency domain low-coherence interferometry (FD-DALCI) technique is proposed and demonstrated for sensing physiological concentrations of glucose (0-250 mg/dl) in oral mucosa simulating phantoms (intralipid of concentrations 0.25-0.50%) with wavelengths at 1589 and 1310 nm.

Thermoreversible gel for subgingival delivery of simvastatin for treatment of periodontal disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate an thermoreversible injectable gel with poloxamer (PM) and methylcellulose (MC) to deliver simvastatin (SMV) in a controlled manner.

Subjects And Methods: Preformulation studies (Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry) to assess the interaction between SMV and MC and PM were performed before gel formulation. Keeping the concentration of SMV at 2.

Association of microRNA-125a and microRNA-499a polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis in a sample south Indian population: A hospital-based genetic association study.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, caused by interaction between periodontopathic bacteria and the host immune response. MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded molecules, which play a key role in the regulation of diverse biological processes. Dysregulation of microRNAs function can lead to several diseases such as autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Clinical Relevance of Cytokines Gene Polymorphisms and Protein Levels in Gingival Cervical Fluid from Chronic Periodontitis Patients.

Background: Cytokines are suggested to play a role in periodontitis.

Objectives: To determine and compare the levels of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples amongst healthy individuals and those with chronic periodontitis. Further to compare the GCF cytokine levels in three genotype classes defined by the respective gene polymorphisms.

Cyclosporine-A induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and influences pro-apoptotic factors in human gingival fibroblasts.

Cyclosporine-A (CsA) induces gingival overgrowth. Cyclosporine's anti-apoptotic activity in human gingival fibroblast is due to desensitization of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and augmentation of anti-apoptotic, Bcl2. Alternative mechanisms of apoptosis exist involving enzymes like calcium-dependent Calpain and signaling events related to apoptosis, like Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and protein kinase A (PKA).

Reconstruction of interdental papilla using autogenous bone and connective tissue grafts.

Previous studies have reported the management of Class I and II papillary defects, but knowledge on Class III defects, estimated to have a poor periodontal prognosis, remains minimal. In this case report, a Class III papillary defect reconstruction was attempted mainly since the patient reported with difficulty in phonetics. In Stage I, autogenous bone graft from the maxillary tuberosity and subepithelial connective tissue graft was augmented to decrease the distance between the interdental bone crest and contact point, simultaneously achieving a switch in the periodontal biotype.

Effect of Cyclosporin A and Angiotensin II on cytosolic calcium levels in primary human gingival fibroblasts.

Background: To evaluate the effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA) and angiotensin II (Ang II) on cytosolic calcium levels in cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Materials And Methods: Healthy gingival samples from six volunteers were obtained, and primary HGFs were cultured. Cell viability and proliferation assay were performed to identify the ideal concentrations of CsA and Ang II.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Markers in Cyclosporine A Induced Gingival Overgrowth.

Introduction: Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive agent used in the management of renal transplant patients is known to produce Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO) as a side effect. Several mechanisms have been elucidated to understand the pathogenesis of DIGO. Recently, epithelial mesenchymal transition has been proposed as a mechanism underlying fibrosis of various organs.

Management of a rare case of peripheral squamous odontogenic tumor of the gingiva.

Odontogenic tumors (OTs) arising from the periodontium are quite rare. Squamous OT (SOT) is one such neoplasm which has an exceedingly rare occurrence. According to the literature, there have been very few reported cases of SOT with a very small percentage involving the gingiva.

Natural T Regulatory Cells (n Treg) in the Peripheral Blood of Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Chronic Periodontitis - A Pilot Study.

Introduction: The T cells play a central role in the aetiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Natural T regulatory cells (nTreg) are the key stone immunoregulatory elements having an anergic phenotype and play an important role in the suppression of exaggerated immune responses thereby maintaining homeostasis. There are increasing evidences for the role of nTreg in the periodontal disease pathogenesis.

Polymorphic Regions in Fc Gamma Receptor and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Genes and Susceptibility to Chronic Periodontitis in a Cohort From South India.

Background: Polymorphisms in the immunoglobulin G Fc receptor II (FcGR) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) genes are known to influence pathogenesis and severity of several inflammatory conditions. Association of FcGR and TNFA gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis (CP) susceptibility has been found to be diverse among different ethnic populations. Objectives of the present study are to determine association of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FcGR and TNF-α genes with CP susceptibility in a cohort from South India.

Differentiation of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal lineages in 3D bioconjugated injectable protein hydrogel construct for the management of neuronal disorder.

The success of regeneration attempt is based on an ideal combination of stem cells, scaffolding and growth factors. Tissue constructs help to maintain stem cells in a required area for a desired time. There is a need for easily obtainable cells, potentially autologous stem cells and a biologically acceptable scaffold for use in humans in different difficult situations.

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of bioactive glass used in regenerative periodontal therapy.

Context: Bone grafting materials which have an inherent anti-microbial property against initial colonizers of plaque bacteria would be useful in regenerative periodontal surgical procedures.

Aims: This study was performed to analyze the antibacterial property of a Perioglas™ against a common oral commensal Streptococcus salivarius (early colonizer).

Settings And Design: In vitro observational study.

Angiotensin II Levels in Gingival Tissues from Healthy Individuals, Patients with Nifedipine Induced Gingival Overgrowth and Non Responders on Nifedipine.

Context: The Renin Angiotensin system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO), a fibrotic condition, caused by Phenytoin, Nifedipine and Cyclosporine.

Aim: This study quantified Angiotensin II levels in gingival tissue samples obtained from healthy individuals, patients on Nifedipine manifesting/not manifesting drug induced gingival overgrowth.

Materials And Methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained from healthy individuals (n=24), patients on nifidipine manifesting gingival overgrowth (n= 18) and patients on nifidipine not manifesting gingival overgrowth (n=8).

Relationship between depression and chronic periodontitis.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial, polymicrobial disease causing inflammation in the supporting structures of the teeth. There is a plethora of nonoral risk factors which can be quoted to aid in the development of chronic periodontitis. According to WHO, depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy and poor concentration.

The epigenetic paradigm in periodontitis pathogenesis.

Epigenome refers to "epi" meaning outside the "genome." Epigenetics is the field of study of the epigenome. Epigenetic modifications include changes in the promoter CpG Islands, modifications of histone protein structure, posttranslational repression by micro-RNA which contributes to the alteration of gene expression.