Pharmacophore modeling, in silico screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics approaches for potential alpha-delta bungarotoxin-4 inhibitors discovery.

Background: The alpha-delta bungartoxin-4 (α-δ-Bgt-4) is a potent neurotoxin produced by highly venomous snake species, Bungarus caeruleus, mainly targeting neuronal acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) and producing adverse biological malfunctions leading to respiratory paralysis and mortality.

Objective: In this study, we predicted the three-dimensional structure of α-δ-Bgt-4 using homology modeling and investigated the conformational changes and the key residues responsible for nAchRs inhibiting activity.

Materials And Methods: From the selected plants, which are traditionally used for snake bites, the active compounds are taken and performed molecular interaction studies and also used for modern techniques like pharmacophore modeling and mapping and absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity analysis which may increase the possibility of success.

Crystal structure of 14-methyl-11-(3-methyl-phen-yl)-12-oxa-8,14-di-aza-tetra-cyclo-[8.3.3.0(1,10).0(2,7)]hexa-deca-2(7),3,5-triene-9,13-dione.

In the title compound, C21H20N2O3, the lactone ring adopts an envelope conformation with the quaternary C atom bonded to two other C atoms as the flap. The fused pyrrolidine ring adopts a twisted conformation about the Cq-N (q = quaternary) bond. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 (2)(8) loops.

Crystal structures of methyl 3-(4-iso-propyl-phen-yl)-1-methyl-1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexa-hydro-thio-chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrole-3a-carboxyl-ate, methyl 1-methyl-3-(o-tol-yl)-1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexa-hydro-thio-chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrole-3a-carboxyl-ate and methyl 1-methyl-3-(o-tol-yl)-3,3a,4,9b-tetra-hydro-1H-thio-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compounds, C23H27NO2S, (I), and C21H23NO2S, (II), the pyrrole rings have envelope conformations with the C atom substituted by the benzene ring as the flap. In the third title compound, C20H21NO3S, (III), the isoxazole ring has a twisted conformation on the C-C bond substituted by the benzene ring and the carboxyl-ate group. In all three compounds, the thio-pyran ring has a half-chair conformation.

In silico analysis of potential inhibitors of Ca(2+) activated K(+) channel blocker, Charybdotoxin-C from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus through molecular docking and dynamics studies.

Objective: Charybdotoxin-C (ChTx-C), from the scorpion Leiurus, quinquestriatus hebraeus blocks the calcium-activated potassium channels and causes hyper excitability of the nervous system. Detailed understanding the structure of ChTx-C, conformational stability, and intermolecular interactions are required to select the potential inhibitors of the toxin.

Materials And Methods: The structure of ChTx-C was modeled using Modeller 9v7.

Crystal structure of 11-(2,3-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-14-methyl-12-oxa-8,14-di-aza-tetra-cyclo-[8.3.3.0(1,10).0(2,7)]hexa-deca-2(7),3,5-triene-9,13-dione.

The title compound, C22H22N2O5, contains two conformationally similar mol-ecules (A and B) in its the asymmetric unit (r.m.s.

Crystal structure of ethyl 6-methyl-2-sulfanyl-idene-4-(thio-phen-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C12H14N2O2S2, the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring adopts a sofa conformation, with the C atom bearing the thienyl ring lying above the plane of the five remaining approximately coplanar (r.m.s.

Crystal structure of (E)-3-{[2-(2,4-di-chloro-benzyl-idene)hydrazin-1-yl]carbon-yl}pyridinium chloride trihydrate.

In the title hydrated salt, C13H10Cl2N3O(+)·Cl(-)·3H2O, the organic cation exhibits a dihedral angle of 8.26 (14)° between the mean planes of the pyridinium and benzene rings, and dihedral angles of 8.70 (15) and 15.

Production and characterization of monospecific and bispecific antibodies against dengue virus NS1 protein.

Dengue is a mosquito borne infection, which in recent years has become a major international public health concern. Annually, 100 million dengue virus infections are reported worldwide. The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus is a useful target for diagnostics of dengue infection since the protein is abundantly circulating in the blood during acute phase of the disease, in both primary and secondary infections.

Crystal structure of ethyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C17H22N2O6, the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the mean plane of the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring is 75.25 (6)°.

Crystal structure of ethyl (2S,2'R)-1'-benzyl-3-oxo-3H-di-spiro-[1-benzo-thio-phene-2,3'-pyrrolidine-2',11''-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline]-4'-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C35H27N3O3S, the spiro-linked five-membered rings both adopt twisted conformations. The pyrrolidine ring makes dihedral angles of 80.5 (1) and 77.

Crystal structure of ethyl 5''-fluoro-2'',3-dioxo-6',7',8',8a'-tetra-hydro-2'H,3H,5'H-di-spiro-[benzo[b]thio-phene-2,1'-indol-izine-3',3''-indoline]-2'-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C25H23FN2O4S, the fused piperidine ring of the octa-hydro-indolizine ring system adopts a chair conformation and the five-membered ring has a twisted conformation on the N-C(spiro) bond. The mean planes of the benzo-thio-phene and indoline ring systems are inclined to the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring by 83.1 (1) and 84.

Crystal structure of ethyl 1',5-dimethyl-2'',3-dioxo-3H-di-spiro-[benzo[b]thiophene-2,3'-pyrrolidine-2',3''-indoline]-4'-carboxyl-ate.

The title compound, C23H22N2O4S, crystallized with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. They have very similar conformations with the pyrrolidine ring having a twisted conformation, on the Cspiro-Cspiro bond, in both mol-ecules. In mol-ecule A, the mean planes of the benzo-thio-phene and indoline ring systems are inclined to the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring by 87.

Crystal structure of 15-(naphthalen-1-yl)-7,7a,8,9,10,11-hexa-hydro-6a,12a-(methano-epoxy-methano)-indolizino[2,3-c]quinoline-6,13(5H)-dione.

In the title compound, C27H24N2O3, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the di-hydro-furan and 3,4-di-hydro-quinoline ring systems is 70.65 (9)°. The di-hydro-furan ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom adjacent to the methyl-ene C atom of the pyrrolidine ring as the flap.

Crystal structure of ethyl 2'',3-dioxo-7',7a'-di-hydro-1'H,3H,3'H-di-spiro[benzo[b]thio-phene-2,6'-pyrrolo-[1,2-c]thia-zole-5',3''-indoline]-7'-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C23H20N2O4S2, the central pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the spiro C atom, shared with the benzo-thio-phene ring system, as the flap. The thia-zole ring has a twisted conformation on the S-C bond, where the C atom is that closest to methine C atom. The mean planes of the benzo-thio-phene and indoline ring systems are inclined to the mean plane of the central pyrrolidine ring by 82.

Crystal structure of ethyl 1',1''-dimethyl-2'',3-dioxo-3H-di-spiro-[benzo[b]thio-phene-2,3'-pyrrolidine-2',3''-indoline]-4'-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C23H22N2O4S, the pyrrolidine ring has an envelope conformation with the spiro C atom, shared with the indoline ring system, as the flap. The mean planes of the benzo-thio-phene and indoline ring systems are inclined to the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring by 88.81 (8) and 79.

Amidase, a cell wall hydrolase, elicits protective immunity against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis.

The morbidity and the mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis infections have greatly increased due to the rapid emergence of highly virulent and antibiotic resistant strains. Development of a vaccine-based therapy is greatly desired.

Comparison of variation in the light curing cycle with a time gap and its effect on polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion and microhardness of a nanohybrid composite.

Background: Giving a time gap and distance during curing can decrease the polymerization shrinkage.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of time gap and distance between the curing tip and restoration on the polymerization shrinkage, degree of monomer conversion (DOC), and microhardness of a nanohybrid composite.

Materials And Methods: A total of 50 standardized cylindrical specimens (Z350, 3M ESPE) were fabricated using a brass mould.

Development of a machine learning method to predict membrane protein-ligand binding residues using basic sequence information.

Locating ligand binding sites and finding the functionally important residues from protein sequences as well as structures became one of the challenges in understanding their function. Hence a Naïve Bayes classifier has been trained to predict whether a given amino acid residue in membrane protein sequence is a ligand binding residue or not using only sequence based information. The input to the classifier consists of the features of the target residue and two sequence neighbors on each side of the target residue.

Antibacterial Activity of Red Pigment Produced by Halolactibacillus alkaliphilus MSRD1--an Isolate from Seaweed.

The present study was carried out with the aim to isolate an antibacterial pigment from seaweed-associated bacterium. The bacterium was identified as Halolactibacillus alkaliphilus MSRD1 by 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolated bacterium was cultured in 50% Luria-Bertani seawater broth (LB-SWB) with 1% glycerol.

Synthesis, spectral characterization and density functional theory exploration of 1-(quinolin-3-yl)piperidin-2-ol.

The experimental and theoretical vibrational frequencies of a newly synthesized compound, namely 1-(quinolin-3-yl)piperidin-2-ol (QPPO) are analyzed. The experimental FT-IR (4000-400 cm(-1)) and FT-Raman (4000-100 cm(-1)) of the molecule in solid phase have been recorded. The optimized molecular structure, vibrational assignments of QPPO have been investigated experimentally and theoretically using Gaussian03W software package.

Mapping of groundwater potential zones in Salem Chalk Hills, Tamil Nadu, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques.

This study proposes to introduce the remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques in mapping the groundwater potential zones. Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been used to map the groundwater potential zones in Salem Chalk Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Charnockites and fissile hornblende biotite gneiss are the major rock types in this region.

Deciphering the impact of somatic mutations in exon 20 and exon 9 of PIK3CA gene in breast tumors among Indian women through molecular dynamics approach.

We examined 25 breast tumor samples for somatic mutations in exon 20 and exon 9 of PIK3CA gene in South Indian population. Genomic DNA was isolated and amplified for PIK3CA gene, followed by direct sequencing of purified polymerase chain reaction products. We identified PI3K3CA mutations in 5 of 25 (20%), including four of the mutations in p.

Ctla-4 blockade plus adoptive T-cell transfer promotes optimal melanoma immunity in mice.

Immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of advanced melanoma have relied on strategies that augment the responsiveness of endogenous tumor-specific T-cell populations [eg, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade-mediated checkpoint inhibition] or introduce exogenously prepared tumor-specific T-cell populations [eg, adoptive cell transfer (ACT)]. Although both approaches have shown considerable promise, response rates to these therapies remain suboptimal. We hypothesized that a combinatorial approach to immunotherapy using both CTLA-4 blockade and nonlymphodepletional ACT could offer additive therapeutic benefit.

Comparative efficacy of chloramphenicol loaded chondroitin sulfate and dextran sulfate nanoparticles to treat intracellular Salmonella infections.

Salmonella Paratyphi A is a food-borne Gram-negative pathogen and a major public health challenge in the developing world. Upon reaching the intestine, S. Paratyphi A penetrates the intestinal epithelial barrier; and infects phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells.

Development of UV-ionization based trace differential mobility sensor for acetone and hexane.

Clinical studies in recent times confirm feasibility of using trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in human exhale air as potential bio-markers for a variety of disease states. A Differential Mobility Sensor (DMS) with dual ultra-violet (UV) photo-ionization source is proposed and demonstrated for measurement of trace amounts of VOC gases in human exhale air. Experimental work performed with the DMS using high frequency asymmetrical waveform field for detection of trace concentrations of acetone and hexane with a few carrier gases including air, CO2 and O2 is discussed.