Morroniside interaction with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase accentuates metabolic mitigation of alloxan-induced genotoxicity and hyperglycaemia: a molecular docking based and experimental therapeutic insight.

The present study tends to evaluate the possible potential of bio-active Morroniside (MOR), against alloxan (ALX)-induced genotoxicity and hyperglycaemia. prediction revealed the interaction of MOR with Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein which corroborated well with experimental L6 cell line and mice models. Data revealed the efficacy of MOR in the selective activation of PARP protein and modulating other stress proteins NF-κB, and TNF-α to initiate protective potential against ALX-induced genotoxicity and hyperglycaemia.

Analysis of bioactive components in Ghost chili () for antioxidant, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects in mice.

Apart from using traditionally in culinary preparations, chili peppers are also important constituents of herbal medicines. Although the bioactive components are studied mostly in the fruits of , no such study reports till date is available for Ghost chili () from North East India. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out an analysis of the bioactive constituents in the naturally occurring hottest chili Ghost chili (), and evaluate its antioxidant, pro/anti-genotoxic, and apoptotic effects in and models.

Coffee mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxic damage in germ cells.

In the present study, coffee (CF) was evaluated for its protective effects against genotoxic damage and oxidative stress induced by the chemotherapeutic drug, cyclophosphamide (CPH). The sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test was employed to study the induction of mutations in the larvae as well as in all the successive germ cell stages of treated males. Control and treated third instar larvae were used to monitor the biomarkers of oxidative stress response such as glutathione content (GSH), glutathione--transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (MDA content).

Protective effects of tea polyphenols and β-carotene against γ-radiation induced mutation and oxidative stress in .

Background: The commonly consumed antioxidants β-carotene and tea polyphenols were used to assess their protective effects against γ-radiation induced sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) mutation and oxidative stress in . Third instar larvae and adult males of wild-type Oregon-K (ORK) were fed on test agents for 24 and 72 h respectively before exposure to 10Gy γ-irradiation. The treated/control flies were used to assess the induction of SLRLs.

Intake of saffron reduces γ-radiation-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.

Saffron (SAF), the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus, is commonly used for flavoring and coloring food. Studies on bioactivity of SAF have demonstrated its in vivo antioxidant activity. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of SAF intake on γ-radiation (RAD) induced (a) chromosomal damage, (b) oxidative stress in liver and brain, and (c) histopathological effects in the intestinal cells and male germ cells in mice.

ERK2-ZEB1-miR-101-1 axis contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration in cancer.

Regulation of metastasis continues to remain enigmatic despite our improved understanding of cancer. Identification of microRNAs associated with metastasis in the recent past has provided a new hope. Here, we show how microRNA-101 (miR-101) regulates two independent processes of cellular metastasis by targeting pro-metastatic upstream regulatory transcription factors, ZEB1 and ZEB2, and downstream effector-actin modulators, RHOA and RAC1, providing a single target for therapeutic intervention.

Nano-Pelargonidin Protects Hyperglycemic-Induced L6 Cells against Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Nano-encapsulation of several natural products has become an important tool in enhancing the bioavailability of some modern drugs against many diseases. Pelargonidin is an anthocyanidin found in many fruits and vegetables. Pelargonidin is loaded with poly-lactide-co-glycolic-acid, a non-toxic biodegradable polymer, to produce nano-pelargonidin.

Ameliorative effects of gallic acid, quercetin and limonene on urethane-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster.

The main objective of our present work was to ascertain the efficacy of Drosophila melanogaster model for assessing antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of dietary phytochemicals gallic acid (GA), quercetin (QC) and limonene (Lim) against urethane (URE), a genotoxic environmental carcinogen. Oregon-K (ORK) adult male flies were fed GA, QC and Lim in combination with URE (20 mM) in 10% sucrose for 72 h. Third instar larvae were fed instant medium containing the above phytochemicals and URE for 24 h.

Comparative Analysis of Fruit Metabolites and Pungency Candidate Genes Expression between Bhut Jolokia and Other Capsicum Species.

Bhut jolokia, commonly known as Ghost chili, a native Capsicum species found in North East India was recorded as the naturally occurring hottest chili in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2006. Although few studies have reported variation in pungency content of this particular species, no study till date has reported detailed expression analysis of candidate genes involved in capsaicinoids (pungency) biosynthesis pathway and other fruit metabolites. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the diversity of fruit morphology, fruiting habit, capsaicinoids and other metabolite contents in 136 different genotypes mainly collected from North East India.

Impact of Anthocyanidins on Mitoxantrone-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity: An In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis.

Hypothesis Anthocyanins possess well-known biological effects and suppress DNA damage induced by therapeutic topoisomerase poisons. Our study focusses on the modulatory effects of anthocyanidins-malvidin (MAL) and pelargonidin (PEL)-on topoisomerase II poison mitoxantrone (MXT)-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Study design HepG2 cells were treated with MXT (1-10 µM), MAL (10-100 µM,) and PEL (5-640 µM) to determine cell viability.

Nanopharmaceutical approach using pelargonidin towards enhancement of efficacy for prevention of alloxan-induced DNA damage in L6 cells via activation of PARP and p53.

Alloxan is an environmental food contaminant that causes DNA damage in living cells and induces hyperglycemia. Pelargonidin (PG), an active ingredient found in extract of various fruits and vegetables, has been nanoencapsulated (NPG) with poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and tested for efficacy in prevention of alloxan (ALX)-induced DNA damage in L6 cells in vitro. Glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glucose transporter 4, glucokinase levels and mechanism of activation of DNA repair proteins (PARP and p53) have been studied in ALX-induced L6 cells.

Low-dose chemotherapeutic drugs induce reactive oxygen species and initiate apoptosis-mediated genomic instability.

Prolonged cancer cell survival, acquiring drug resistance, and secondary cancer development despite chemotherapy are the major challenges during cancer treatment, whose underlying mechanism still remains elusive. In this study, low-doses of chemotherapeutic drugs (LDCD) - doxorubicin (DOX), etoposide (ETOP), and busulfan (BUS) were used to ascertain the effect of residual concentrations of drugs on breast cancer cells. Our results showed that exposure to LDCD caused significant induction of ROS, early signs of apoptosis and accumulation of cells in S and G-M phases of the cell cycle in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines.

Antigenotoxic effects of resveratrol: assessment of in vitro and in vivo response.

Experiments were performed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo dose response for antigenotoxic effects of resveratrol (RES). For the in vitro study, HL-60 cells were co-treated with the test genotoxin and three concentrations of RES. Thereafter, genotoxic effects were assessed in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test.

Protective effects of common anthocyanidins against genotoxic damage induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in mice.

Experiments were performed to assess in mice the inhibitory effects of the anthocyanidins cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, and pelargonidin on genotoxic damage induced by the anticancer drugs cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, and cisplatin. Each anthocyanidin was administered 30 min before injecting the drug, and genotoxicity was assessed by measuring micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow cells. In addition, we monitored the effect of anthocyanidins on apoptosis induced by cyclophosphamide and procarbazine.

Intake of anthocyanidins pelargonidin and cyanidin reduces genotoxic stress in mice induced by diepoxybutane, urethane and endogenous nitrosation.

Pelargonidin (PEL) and cyanidin (CYN) are among the six most abundant anthocyanidins which provide red, blue and purple colors to fruits and vegetables. Health benefits associated with intake of anthocyanins have been attributed mainly to antioxidant activity of these color pigments. The aim of our present study was to assess in mice the impact of PEL and CYN intake on genotoxic stress induced by DNA damaging environmental toxicants.

Ascorbic acid and dietary polyphenol combinations protect against genotoxic damage induced in mice by endogenous nitrosation.

We investigated whether combinations of ascorbic acid (AA) plus dietary polyphenols can protect in vivo against genotoxic damage induced by endogenous nitrosation. A nitrosation reaction mixture consisting of methylurea (MU) plus sodium nitrite (SN), which can react to form N-nitroso-N-methylurea in the stomach, was administered orally to mice, together with AA and one of the dietary polyphenols ferulic acid (FA), gallic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (CA), or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Genotoxic damage in bone marrow cells was assessed by measuring micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (Mn PCEs) and metaphase chromosome aberrations.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential of Punica granatum leaf extract.

Context: Several studies have reported the antioxidant activity and potential therapeutic properties of Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae) fruit. Medicinal properties have also been attributed to other parts of P.

Analysis of in vitro chemoprevention of genotoxic damage by phytochemicals, as single agents or as combinations.

Cancer chemoprevention with low-dose combinations of bioactive phytochemicals instead of single agents has been suggested to induce less toxicity and improve efficacy. In this study, we selected four plant food-based phytochemicals, viz. chlorogenic acid (CLA), pelargonidin (PEL), resveratrol (RES) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to evaluate the in vitro chemoprevention of genotoxic damage in HL-60 cells.

Role of Syzygium cumini seed extract in the chemoprevention of in vivo genomic damage and oxidative stress.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: [corrected] The seeds of Syzygium cumini, Skeels (Jamun) are extensively used in India for treatment of diabetes and other ailments.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this work was to assess the role of Jamun seed extract (JSE) as a chemoprotective agent against in vivo oxidative stress and genomic damage.

Materials And Methods: Experiments were carried out to evaluate in vitro protective effects of JSE against hydroxyl radical induced damage in pBR322 DNA, and in vivo genomic damage and oxidative stress in mice which received JSE orally for 5 days before exposure to genotoxic carcinogens urethane (URE) and 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA).

Protective effect of the cruciferous vegetable mustard leaf (Brassica campestris) against in vivo chromosomal damage and oxidative stress induced by gamma-radiation and genotoxic chemicals.

We evaluated the possible protective effect of the popular Indian cruciferous vegetable mustard leaf (Brassica campestris) against chromosomal damage and oxidative stress induced by gamma-radiation, cyclophosphamide (CPH) and urethane (URE), in mice. In vivo bone marrow micronucleus test was performed to assess chromosomal damage, and oxidative stress was monitored by estimating the changes in lipid peroxidation and the status of glutathione (GSH) as well as redox cycle antioxidants. Pretreatment with 50-250 mg/kg body wt of mustard leaf extract (MLE) for seven days significantly reduced the frequencies of micronuclei induced by gamma-radiation, CPH and URE.

Antigenotoxic effects of the phytoestrogen pelargonidin chloride and the polyphenol chlorogenic acid.

Pelargonidin (PEL), a common anthocyanidin with estrogenic activity, was tested in HL-60 cells for its genotoxicity and possible antigenotoxic effects against 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (NQO), a potent mutagen and carcinogen which induces oxidative stress. To take into account potential interactions between phytochemicals within normal human nutrition, we evaluated a combination of PEL with the nonestrogenic phytochemical chlorogenic acid (CLA), one of the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet. PEL (< or = 2 microM) and CLA (< or = 800 microM) were nongenotoxic in the micronucleus test.

Protective effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on DMBA-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.

We evaluated the effects of pretreatment with ethanolic neem leaf extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in male Swiss albino mice. The frequency of bone marrow micronuclei, the extent of hepatic lipid peroxidation and the status of antioxidants-reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. In DMBA-treated mice, the increases in micronuclei and lipid peroxides were accompanied by compromised antioxidant defenses.

Combinatorial antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic effects of tomato and garlic through modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Objective: Combination chemoprevention by dietary agents is a promising approach toward cancer control. Many dietary agents are known to prevent experimental mutagenesis and carcinogenesis by modulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. The present study evaluated the combinatorial chemopreventive effects of tomato and garlic on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA).