M1 polarization induction by lead and amyloid peptides in microglial cells: Implications for neurodegeneration process.

Neurodegeneration in conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This study explores the potential neurodegenerative effects of lead (Pb) toxicity and amyloid beta peptides (Aβp 1-40 and Aβp 25-35) by promoting M1 polarization in microglial cells. To this end, we investigated and observed that IC50 concentrations of Pb (22.

Unveiling Potential Neurotoxic Mechansisms: Pb-Induced Activation of CDK5-p25 Signaling Axis in Alzheimer's Disease Development, Emphasizing CDK5 Inhibition and Formation of Toxic p25 Species.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with an etiology influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the potential neurodegenerative role of Pb and amyloid β peptides (1-40 and 25-35) via their interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and its activator, p25, in an attempt to unravel the molecular basis of Pb-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells.

Heavy Metal Mediated Progressive Degeneration and Its Noxious Effects on Brain Microenvironment.

Heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and others, have a significant impact on the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases in the human brain. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the recent research on the harmful effects of different metals on specific brain cells such as neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Understanding the potential influence of these metals in neurodegeneration is crucial for effectively combating the ongoing advancement of these diseases.

Cowpea isoflavones enhance the osteoblast differentiation and antioxidant capacity in synergy with vitamin D and β-carotene: A mechanistic study.

Osteoporosis (OS) is a pathological condition that makes bones susceptible to fractures by affecting the balance between bone formation and resorption. Recent literature uncovered the possible potential of bioactive compounds with antioxidant mechanisms to counter the issue. Cowpea (CP) isoflavones based on our previous study, vitamin D and natural antioxidant β-carotene for its pleotropic protective effects were assessed alone and in combination.

Exposure of combination of environmental pollutant, lead (Pb) and β-amyloid peptides causes mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in human neuronal cells.

Exposure to the environmental pollutant lead (Pb) has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathological consequence of neuronal degeneration. The toxicity of Pb in combination with β-amyloid peptides (1-40) and (25-35) causes selective death in neuronal cells. However, the precise mechanism through which Pb induces Alzheimer's disease, particularly mitochondrial damage, is unknown.

Anti-cancer activity of pyridoxal phosphate and metformin combination in human pancreatic cancer cells.

Pancreatic cancer is the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths in many developed countries with a poor prognosis. With advanced disease conditions chemotherapy, surgery followed by radiation is the regimen to prolong the survival. But a complete cure is questionable.

Defective mitophagy and induction of apoptosis by the depleted levels of PINK1 and Parkin in Pb and β-amyloid peptide induced toxicity.

Exposure to lead (Pb), an environmental pollutant, is closely associated with the development of neurodegenerative disorders through oxidative stress induction and alterations in mitochondrial function. Damaged mitochondria could be one of the reasons for the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Mitophagy is vital in keeping the cell healthy.

Assessment of Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory Activity of Oxidised Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (Green Tea Polyphenol) and Its Action on the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2-An In Vitro and In Silico Approach.

Owing to the instability of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), it may undergo auto-oxidation and form oxidised products or dimers. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects, including antioxidation and immunomodulatory action, of the Oxidised Epigallocatechin Gallate (O-EGCG) as compared to native EGCG and the action of these compounds on main protease (M) docking against SARS-CoV-2. HCT-116 (Human Colon Cancer) cell lines were used to estimate the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation levels and pro-inflammatory markers (human IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α).

Mechanisms associated with the dysregulation of mitochondrial function due to lead exposure and possible implications on the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Lead (Pb) is a multimedia contaminant with various pathophysiological consequences, including cognitive decline and neural abnormalities. Recent findings have reported an association of Pb toxicity with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathological characteristic of AD.

Mitochondria-Mediated Moderation of Apoptosis by EGCG in Cytotoxic Neuronal Cells Induced by Lead (Pb) and Amyloid Peptides.

The developmental, epigenetic, and epidemiological studies on lead (Pb) toxicity have reported a strong connection between lead exposure and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid peptides were the main triggering elements, in the generation of extracellular plaques through which multiple cellular signaling events such as apoptosis and primarily oxidant-antioxidant balancing system will be affected, which leads to neuronal cell death. Our previous studies indicated that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), abundantly present in green tea, was found to be effective in alleviating the metal-induced neurotoxicity at the cellular level in terms of cell viability and apoptosis The aim of this study was to explore the protective mechanism of EGCG on the markers of oxidant-antioxidant system and mitochondria, which are involved in metal-induced neuronal cell death.

Inactivation of GAP-43 due to the depletion of cellular calcium by the Pb and amyloid peptide induced toxicity: An in vitro approach.

Environmental pollutant, Lead (Pb) is known to induce neurotoxicity in human. The central nervous system is the most vulnerable to the minute levels of Pb induced toxicity. Pb has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a probable risk factor, as it shows epigenetic and developmental link associated with Alzheimer's disease-like pathology.

Isoflavones rich cowpea and vitamin D induces the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts via BMP-2/Smad pathway activation: Mechanistic approach.

Isoflavones, such as Genistein (Ge) and Daidzein (Dz) are widely studied Phytoestrogens with potent anti-osteoporotic and good antioxidant activity. Cowpea is one such legume having high isoflavone content and hence we aimed at studying the beneficial effects of the isoflavones isolated from cowpea as it is widely accepted staple food in India. Previously, we reported the effect of Cowpea isoflavones (CP) and Vitamin D (VD) owing to its ability of improving the osteoporotic condition in a diet induced osteoporotic rat model.

Deleterious effects of combination of lead and β-amyloid peptides in inducing apoptosis and altering cell cycle in human neuroblastoma cells.

Lead (Pb) is a toxic pollutant known to cause several abnormalities related to the brain, including cognitive dysfunction, and it is ubiquitous in nature. β-amyloid peptides (AP) are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported that there is a connection between lead and amyloid peptides in exerting similar kinds of altered functions in the brain and long-term exposure to lead leads ultimately to increased beta amyloid formation in the brain, lethal to human brain cells.

Mechanistic comparison of current pharmacological treatments and novel phytochemicals to target amyloid peptides in Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative diseases.

The formation of β amyloid plaques is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The process of accumulation of extracellular deposits of amyloid plaques occurs by the abnormal proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein, resulting in the formation of β amyloid peptides which further aggregates and results in the formation of oligomers, protofibrils, fibrils, and plaques. The complexity in understanding the aggregation process has provided avenues for identifying potential targets against amyloid toxicity in the treatment of AD.

Predictors of severe tricuspid regurgitation in patients with permanent pacemaker or automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads.

Patients with permanent pacemaker or automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) leads have an increased prevalence of tricuspid regurgitation. However, the roles of cardiac rhythm and lead-placement duration in the development of severe tricuspid regurgitation are unclear. We reviewed echocardiographic data on 26 consecutive patients who had severe tricuspid regurgitation after permanent pacemaker or AICD placement; before treatment, they had no organic tricuspid valve disease, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, or severe tricuspid regurgitation.

Synergistic effects of amyloid peptides and lead on human neuroblastoma cells.

Aggregated amyloid peptides (AP), major components of senile plaques, have been considered to play a very important and crucial role in the development and neuro-pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present in vitro, study the synergistic effects of Pb(2+), a heavy metal, and AP on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were investigated. The cells treated with Pb(2+) (0.

New ionic derivatives of betulinic acid as highly potent anti-cancer agents.

Betulinic acid is a natural compound with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. However, the poor water solubility of this compound hampers an effective in vivo cancer study. We prepared new ionic derivatives of betulinic acid with higher water solubilities, without losing the structural integrity and functionality of this compound.

Predictors for the development of severe tricuspid regurgitation with anatomically normal valve in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background And Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be a risk factor for severe functional tricuspid valve regurgitation (FTR). We aimed to determine the predictors of severe FTR in patients with AF.

Methods And Results: From our echocardiographic laboratory database, we searched for and reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients with severe FTR and AF seen at Mayo Clinic in Arizona from 2002 through 2009.

Ionic derivatives of betulinic acid as novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors.

Betulinic acid is a natural product possessing abundant and favourable biological activity, including anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV properties, while causing minimal toxicity to unaffected cells. The full biological potency of betulinic acid cannot be fully unlocked, however, for a number of reasons, a primary one being its limited solubility in aqueous and biologically pertinent organic media. Aiming to improve the water solubility of betulinic acid without disrupting its structurally related bioactivity, we have prepared different ionic derivatives of betulinic acid.

Fermentative Production and Thermostability Characterization of α Amylase from Aspergillus Species and Its Application Potential Evaluation in Desizing of Cotton Cloth.

The production of extracellular amylase was investigated employing our laboratory isolate, Aspergillus niger sp. MK 07 and effect of process variables on enzyme production, was studied in a fermentor. It was found that amylase production was maximum when the fermentor volume was maintained at 70%, rate of agitation at 250 rpm, air supply at 2.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a patient with pulmonary embolism.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an acute cardiac syndrome characterized by transient regional wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricular apex or midventricle. Patients often present with chest pain or dyspnoea, ST-segment elevation, and minor elevations of cardiac enzyme levels. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been associated with severe emotional or physical stress such as severe burns, spinal cord injury, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and multiple traumas.

Melatonin protection against lead-induced changes in human neuroblastoma cell cultures.

The nervous system is the primary target for low-levels of lead (Pb) exposure and the developing brain appears to be especially vulnerable to Pb neurotoxicity. Chronic low-level Pb exposure causes growth retardation and intellectual impairment. In the present study the protective effect of melatonin during exposure to low-levels of Pb in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell cultures was assessed.