Diabetes, Hypertension and Kidney Disease Combination "DHKD Syndrome" is common in India.

Objectives: The study was designed to find out frequency of (i) Diabetes mellitus (DM) as a cause Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), (ii) Association between diabetic-CKD (diabetic patients who subsequently developed CKD as complication), hypertension (HT) and obesity. Further assessment was made to (iii) Identify percentage of diabetics attending medical and nephrology OPD had prior testing for proteinuria and or creatinine.

Methods: After ethical consideration this prospective observational study was conducted on consecutive 6175 patients who gave consent to participate in two major referral hospitals one in Delhi and other in Bhubaneswar (BBSR).

Etoricoxib-induced life-threatening hyperkalemia and acute kidney dysfunction against the background of telmisartan and a low sodium diet.

Drug-induced hyperkalemia is not uncommon and may be life-threatening when presenting acutely in the emergency department. We present a case of severe hyperkalemia precipitated acutely by etoricoxib in a patient who was on telmisartan and a low sodium (potassium chloride-rich) diet. A 75-year-old male with a past medical history of well-controlled diabetes and hypertension was prescribed etoricoxib (90 mg daily) for 3 days for musculoskeletal backache.

Hepatitis C virus infection in haemodialysis: the 'no-isolation' policy should not be generalized.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common blood-borne viral infection in haemodialysis. It causes significant morbidity and long-term mortality. Practice of universal precautions has been reported to be sufficient to prevent HCV seroconversion in dialysis units.

Factors affecting the outcome of acute renal failure among the elderly population in India: a hospital based study.

The spectrum of acute renal failure (ARF) in the elderly population and the factors predicting poor outcome in these patients are not well defined in literature. Identification of risk factors and poor prognostic markers in these patients can help in planning strategies to prevent ARF and to prioritise the utilization of sparse and expensive therapeutic modalities, especially in a developing country like ours. We retrospectively analyzed data of 454 elderly patients (age >or=60 years), detected having ARF in a tertiary care super-speciality hospital in North India, from April 2000 to March 2004.

Effects of correction of metabolic acidosis on blood urea and bone metabolism in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease: a prospective randomized single blind controlled trial.

Background: There are no controlled trials on the efficacy of oral bicarbonate therapy in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). This prospective randomized controlled study was done to evaluate the effects of correction of metabolic acidosis on renal functions and bone metabolism in this group of patients.

Patients And Methods: Forty patients were randomized to treatment with oral bicarbonate or placebo for a period of 3 months.

Spectrum of pulmonary infections in renal transplant recipients in the tropics: a single center study.

Background: Pulmonary infections have been implicated as the most common cause of infection related mortality in renal transplant recipients. An appropriate empirical treatment of post transplant pulmonary infections requires knowledge of the spectrum of the microorganisms involved in causing these infections. Besides this knowledge, an aggressive diagnostic approach including the use of invasive tests is often essential to make an early diagnosis for instituting timely and appropriate therapy.

Unresolved issues and current concepts in management of primary glomerulonephritis.

The successful treatment of primary glomerulonephritis (GN) presenting with nephrotic syndrome in adults depends heavily on an accurate diagnosis. A successful diagnosis depends on a correct approach, combining light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and other special staining of renal biopsy material examined by a trained nephropathologist. A good clinical history and serological tests easily rule out possible secondary causes (for example, infection, autoimmune, metabolic or toxic) in most cases.

Effect of local mupirocin application on exit-site infection and peritonitis in an Indian peritoneal dialysis population.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus-associated peritonitis and catheter exit-site infections (ESIs) are important causes of hospitalization and catheter loss in patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Intranasal and topical use of mupirocin has been found to be an effective strategy in decreasing S. aureus-related infectious complications in persons who are carriers of S.

Assessing suitability for renal donation: can equations predicting glomerular filtration rate substitute for a reference method in the Indian population?

Background: Accurate measurement of donor renal function has important long-term implications for both the donor and recipient. As the use of recommended filtration markers is limited by cumbersome and costly techniques, renal function is typically estimated using 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance (urine-CrCl). Prediction equations used for rapid bedside estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are simple and overcome the inaccuracies of urinary collection and, if validated, can expedite the donor workup besides reducing the cost.

Assessing glomerular filtration rate in healthy Indian adults: a comparison of various prediction equations.

Background: Accurate measurement of renal function is important for the diagnosis, stratification and management of kidney disease. As the use of recommended filtration markers is limited by cumbersome and costly techniques, renal function is typically estimated by using various specifically derived prediction equations. Most of these equations have been derived from Caucasian patients suffering from varying degrees of chronic kidney disease.

Prevalence of chronic renal failure in adults in Delhi, India.

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a debilitating condition responsible for high morbidity and mortality and is a financial burden on government and society. Because of its costs and the complexity of its treatment, proper care is available to very few patients in India. A community-based study has not been done to determine the prevalence of CRF in India.

Low prevalence of restless legs syndrome in patients with advanced chronic renal failure in the Indian population: a case controlled study.

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is reported to occur in 20-70% of uremic patients. There is no study from India regarding the prevalence of RLS in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Studies from other Asian countries have shown a much lower prevalence compared to the West.

Multiple myeloma presenting as collapsing glomerulopathy.

A 54 year old male patient was admitted with advanced renal failure of recent onset. Serology was noncontributory. Renal biopsy showed collapsing glomerulopathy with interstitial fibrosis.

Restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients in India: a case controlled study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Indian patients on hemodialysis as compared to controls.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-one consecutive hemodialysis patients and 99 controls were evaluated using a standard predesigned questionnaire. The control group comprised completely normal healthy adults who were being evaluated as renal donors.