Macroalgae-derived bioactive compounds for functional food and pharmaceutical applications-a critical review.

The rising demand for global food resources, combined with an overreliance on land-based agroecosystems, poses a significant challenge for the sustainable production of food products. Macroalgae cultivation is a promising approach to mitigate impending global food insecurities due to several key factors: independence from terrestrial farming, rapid growth rates, unique biochemical makeup, and carbon capture potential. Furthermore, macroalgae are rich in vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber, demonstrating significant potential as sustainable alternatives for enhancing dietary diversity and fulfilling nutritional requirements.

Bioponic systems with biochar: Insights into nutrient recovery, heavy metal reduction, and microbial interactions in digestate-based bioponics.

Bioponics is a nutrient-recovery technology that transforms nutrient-rich organic waste into plant biomass/bioproducts. Integrating biochar with digestate from anaerobic wastewater treatment process can improve resource recovery while mitigating heavy metal contamination. The overarching goal of this study was to investigate the application of biochar in digestate-based bioponics, focusing on its efficacy in nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal, while also exploring the microbial community dynamics.

Evaluation of crystallization patterns in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral malignancies: A prospective study.

Background: Oral cancers are often detected at late stages, and patients usually had a 50% chance of a 5-year survival rate. Oral cancer usually has an early precancerous stage before its actual malignant transformation. Although there are various approaches to diagnose the early stages of cancer, there is one less explored, cost-effective, and simple technique known as the crystallization test.

: Divergence Among Indian Strains and Genetic Characterization of a Strain Isolated from Cattle.

Unlabelled: primarily affects sheep, goats and is associated with brucellosis in humans, which is one of the world's most widespread neglected zoonotic disease. The current study attempted the determination of genetic diversity through comparative genome analysis of strains reported from India with other countries. The study also reports the isolation and identification of BMNDDB8664 from a cow with a history of abortion, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), determination of virulence factors, genotyping, and comparative genome analysis.

Effects of vermicompost leachate on nitrogen, phosphorus, and microbiome in a food waste bioponic system.

Food waste is rich in nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and can be integrated with bioponics, a closed-loop agricultural system that combines hydroponics with biological nutrient recovery. Vermicompost leachate (VCL) supplementation has been shown to improve the co-composting of organic waste (i.e.

Applications of artificial intelligence in anaerobic co-digestion: Recent advances and prospects.

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) offers several merits such as better digestibility and process stability while enhancing methane yield due to synergistic effects. Operation of an efficient AcoD system, however, requires full comprehension of important operational parameters, such as co-substrates ratio, their composition, volatile fatty acids/alkalinity ratio, organic loading rate, and solids/hydraulic retention time. AcoD process optimization, prediction and control, and early detection of system instability are often difficult to achieve through tedious manual monitoring processes.

Pragmatic screening for heart failure in the general population using an electrocardiogram-based neural network.

Aims: We aim to develop a pragmatic screening tool for heart failure at the general population level.

Methods And Results: This study was conducted within the Hamburg-City-Health-Study, an ongoing, prospective, observational study enrolling randomly selected inhabitants of the city of Hamburg aged 45-75 years. Heart failure was diagnosed per current guidelines.

Detection and genetic characterization indicates circulation of a possible new Theileria species (Theileria sp. Yokoyama) in India.

Bovine tropical theileriosis, a tick-borne disease, causes huge economic loss to the Indian dairy industry. Theileriosis in India is mainly caused by Theileria annulata, although the presence of T. orientalis has also been reported.

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for pharmaceutical-laden wastewater treatment: A critical review.

Pharmaceuticalsare a diverse group of chemical compounds widely used for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Pharmaceuticals, either in their original or metabolite form, find way into the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from different sources. Recently, anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) has received significant research attention for the treatment of pharmaceuticals in various wastewater streams.

Role of interspecies electron transfer stimulation in enhancing anaerobic digestion under ammonia stress: Mechanisms, advances, and perspectives.

Ammonia stress is a commonly encountered issue in anaerobic digestion (AD) process when treating proteinaceous substrates. The enhanced relationship between syntrophic bacteria and methanogens triggered by interspecies electron transfer (IET) stimulation is one of the potential mechanisms for an improved methane yield from the AD plant under ammonia-stressed condition. There is, however, lack of synthesized information on the mechanistic understanding of IET facilitation in the ammonia-stressed AD processes.

Evaluation of commercial ELISA kits for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes in different epidemiological scenarios.

Seven ELISA kits were evaluated for the fitness of purpose in diagnosing brucellosis among cattle and buffaloes in the endemic scenarios of India. The sera (675 numbers) for the study were sourced from brucellosis-free as well as infected herds. The diagnostic sensitivity (dsn) and specificity (dsp) of the kits were determined by three approaches: based on the results of the Rose Bengal test, history of the animals (sera from infected or naïve animals), and based on the results obtained from the 'majority of the tests'.

Bioconversion of waste-to-resources (BWR-2021): Valorization of industrial and agro-wastes to fuel, feed, fertilizer, and biobased products.

The mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is one of the major focuses of The Glasgow Climate Pact, a global agreement that is believed to accelerate climate action. Following the energy sector, industrial and agro-wastes are the major contributors to global GHG emission. With the rapid growth in population, affluence, and urbanization, the GHG emission from waste sector is likely to be further aggravated if timely measures are not taken to address this burning issue.

Application of machine learning in anaerobic digestion: Perspectives and challenges.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely adopted for remediating diverse organic wastes with simultaneous production of renewable energy and nutrient-rich digestate. AD process, however, suffers from instability, thereby adversely affecting biogas production. There have been significant efforts in developing strategies to control the AD process to maintain process stability and predict AD performance.

Chicken manure-based bioponics: Effects of acetic acid supplementation on nitrogen and phosphorus recoveries and microbial communities.

Bioponics has the potential to recover nutrients from organic waste streams, such as chicken manure and digestate with high volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents through crop production. Acetic acid, a dominant VFA, was supplemented weekly (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/L) in a chicken manure-based bioponic system, and its effect on the performance of bioponics (e.g.

Anaerobic co-digestion of various organic wastes: Kinetic modeling and synergistic impact evaluation.

Anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of coffee pulp (CP), cattle manure (CM), food waste (FW) and dewatered sewage sludge (DSS), were assessed using biochemical methane potential tests. The effects of two different inocula, anaerobically digested cattle manure (ADCM) and anaerobically digested waste activated sludge (ADWAS), and five different co-feedstock ratios for CP:CM and FW:DSS (1:0, 4:1, 2:1, 4:3, and 0:1) on specific methane yields were also evaluated. Mono-digestions of both CP and FW yielded the highest methane yield compared to the co-digestion ratios examined.

Anaerobic co-digestion: Current status and perspectives.

Anaerobic digestion is a long-established technology for the valorization of diverse organic wastes with concomitant generation of valuable resources. However, mono-digestion (i.e.

Infectious bovine abortions: observations from an organized dairy herd.

Abortions in dairy animals can be caused by several infectious agents. Identification of the actual causal agent(s) is important for formulating suitable control strategies. A 3-year (2016-2018) longitudinal study was conducted in a dairy farm following an abortion storm in the mid- to late gestations.

Shedding of bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 in bovine extended frozen semen in Indian semen stations: A longitudinal analysis.

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an economically important disease of cattle and buffaloes. Following acute infection, the virus usually attains latency in the sensory neurons. Stress-induced reactivation of latency can cause the infected animals to intermittently shed the virus in body secretions including semen.

Rethinking organic wastes bioconversion: Evaluating the potential of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.)) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (BSF).

Population growth and unprecedented economic growth and urbanization, especially in low- and middle-income countries, coupled with extreme weather patterns, the high-environmental footprint of agricultural practices, and disposal-oriented waste management practices, require significant changes in the ways we produce food, feed and fuel, and manage enormous amounts of organic wastes. Farming insects such as the black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) on diverse organic wastes provides an opportunity for producing nutrient-rich animal feed, fuel, organic fertilizer, and biobased products with concurrent valorization of wastes. Inclusion of BSF larvae/pupae in the diets of poultry, fish, and swine has shown promise as a potential substitute of conventional feed ingredients such as soybean meal and fish meal.

Development and laboratory validation of duplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of Brucella and bovine alphaherpesvirus from clinical specimens.

A duplex real‑time PCR was developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of Brucella and bovine alphaherpesvirus‑1 (BoHV‑1) from bovine clinical specimens. The bcsp31 gene of Brucella and gB gene of BoHV‑1 were used as targets in the assay. The limit of detection for BoHV‑1 was 0.

Alleviating sulfide toxicity using biochar during anaerobic treatment of sulfate-laden wastewater.

This study examined the use of biochar to alleviate sulfide toxicity to methane producing archaea (MPA) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) during anaerobic treatment of sulfate-rich wastewater with concomitant sulfur recovery. At the sulfate concentration of 6000 mg SO/L, the dissolved sulfide (DS) of 131 mg S/L resulted in total volatile fatty acids concentration of 3500 mg/L as acetic acid (HAc) and the reactors were on the verge of failure. Biochar removed >98% of HS, 94% of DS, and 89% of unionized sulfide (HS).

Percentage signal intensity recovery: A step ahead of rCBV in DSC MR perfusion imaging for the differentiation of common neoplasms of brain.

Context: Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and percentage signal recovery (PSR) obtained from T2* dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging are important parameters for brain tumor assessment.

Aim: To study the accuracy of PSR in the differentiation of low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, lymphoma, and metastases particularly in comparison to rCBV.

Settings And Design: Retrospective observational study.

Hot water pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: Modeling the effects of temperature, enzyme and biomass loadings on sugar yield.

Experimental conditions of liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment were tested for two dedicated energy crops, Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Energycane (Saccharum officinarum × Saccharum robustum). Both crops showed differential resistance to temperature during pretreatment and differences in response to biomass and enzyme loadings during subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugar response surfaces, for both glucose release per g pretreated biomass and as percent yield of glucose present in the initial biomass, were estimated using a General Additive Model (GAM) in R to compare non-linear sugar release as temperature, and biomass and enzyme loadings were manipulated.

Anaerobic digestion of hydrothermally-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass: Influence of pretreatment temperatures, inhibitors and soluble organics on methane yield.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic biomass has received significant attention for bioenergy production in recent years. However, hydrolysis is a rate-limiting in AD of such feedstock. In this study, effects of hydrothermal pretreatment of Napier grass, a model lignocellulosic biomass, on methane yield were examined through series of batch and semi-continuous studies.