Target specific oral anticoagulants in the management of thromboembolic disease in the elderly.

The elderly population represents a population at highest risk of thromboembolism, but also the most vulnerable to hemorrhage. In the community setting there is a general tendency to under- treat this patient group. Specific consideration must be taken with elderly patients because they have reduced renal function, co-morbidities and risk of falls, altered pharmacodynamics, and challenges with adherence.

Pathology of 157 human cadaver eyes with round-edged or modern square-edged silicone intraocular lenses: analyses of capsule bag opacification.

Purpose: To assess the degree of capsular bag opacification in human cadaver eyes with silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs), specifically comparing the differences between round-edged IOLs and modern square-edged IOLs.

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, USA.

Pathology of 219 human cadaver eyes with 1-piece or 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses: capsular bag opacification and sites of square-edged barrier breach.

Purpose: To assess capsular bag opacification and sites of initial posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in human cadaver eyes with square-edged 1-piece or 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Horizons in therapy for corneal angiogenesis.

Corneal neovascularization can lead to a devastating disease process that involves the breakdown of the limbal barrier and the formation of blood vessels in the cornea, leading to severe visual impairment. This review discusses the delicate balance between antiangiogenic and angiogenic factors that govern the antiangiogenic privilege of the cornea. Current treatment methods, clinical trials, and future prospects in the management of corneal neovascularization also are discussed.

Long-term pathological follow-up of 2-loop iridocapsular intraocular lens.

We analyzed an enucleated postmortem eye from an 86-year-old donor who had a 2-loop iridocapsular intraocular lens (IOL) that had been implanted at least 30 years earlier. High-frequency ultrasound showed a relatively well-centered iris-supported optic in front of the pupil. Gross and light microscopic analyses of the eye and the IOL showed loop fixation outside the capsular bag remnants, a thickened cornea, mild attenuation of the corneal endothelium, multiple areas of iris trauma secondary to haptic abrasion, fragments of iris tissue attached to the haptics, as well as pigment dispersion within the eye with pigmented epithelial cells attached to the IOL haptics.

Mechanized model to assess capsulorhexis resistance to tearing.

Purpose: To evaluate a model of mechanically measuring resistance to tearing of a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) using the entire capsular bag of fresh human cadaver eyes isolated from the eyes after complete evacuation.

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Comparison of wound strength with and without a hydrogel liquid ocular bandage in human cadaver eyes.

Purpose: To determine whether a hydrogel liquid ocular bandage improves wound strength.

Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

An anterior chamber toxicity study evaluating Besivance, AzaSite, and Ciprofloxacin.

Purpose: We determined whether Besivance (Bausch & Lomb), AzaSite (Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc; both with DuraSite bioadhesive [InSite Vision, Inc]) and ciprofloxacin are toxic inside the anterior chamber.

Design: Randomized, masked, placebo-controlled animal study.

Methods: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits (40 eyes) were randomized to 1 of 4 study groups: Besivance, AzaSite, ciprofloxacin, and balanced salt solution.

Mediators of ocular angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. Pathologic angiogenesis in the eye can lead to severe visual impairment. In our review, we discuss the roles of both pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecular players in corneal angiogenesis, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, exudative macular degeneration and retinopathy of prematurity, highlighting novel targets that have emerged over the past decade.

The effects of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors on prostaglandin synthesis and the formation of heterotopic bone in a rat model.

Introduction: Traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common clinical condition associated with various orthopedic procedures that involve injury to soft tissues near bone. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the prophylactic effects of NSAID's in the treatment of HO are mediated via inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme. Here we describe a rat model that simulates HO in the human that was used to test the above hypothesis.