Metataxonomics study of dental bioaerosols affected by waterline disinfection.

Background: Microorganisms in dental unit water (DUW) play a significant role in dental bioaerosols. If the methods used to decontaminate DUW also help improve air quality in dental clinics is worth exploring. In this study, we aim to identify the source of bacteria in dental bioaerosols and investigate the impact of waterline disinfectants on the quantity and composition of bacteria in DUW and bioaerosols.

Effects of efflux pumps on antifungal activity of chitosan against .

Background: Antifungal resistance is a major problem, commonly caused by drug-efflux pump overexpression. To evaluate if chitosan could be effective in drug-resistant infections, we investigated the effects of efflux pumps on antifungal activity of chitosan.

Materials And Methods: The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of oligomer (7-9 kD) and polymer (900-1,000 kD) chitosan against and were evaluated by broth and agar dilution methods.

Efficacy of low-molecular weight chitosan against Candida albicans biofilm on polymethyl methacrylate resin.

Background: Candida biofilm is a major cause of denture stomatitis. We aimed to compare the efficacy of low-molecular-weight chitosan solutions against Candida albicans biofilm on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin.

Methods: Various types of chitosan were tested for anti-Candida activity by broth dilution.

Activity of chitosan antifungal denture adhesive against common Candida species and Candida albicans adherence on denture base acrylic resin.

Statement Of Problem: Candida adherence to the denture base is an important cause of denture stomatitis. In addition, infections with drug-resistant Candida have become more prevalent, especially among elderly and immunocompromised patients. Thus, alternative safe antifungal agents for oral applications are needed.

Multiple E-boxes in the distal promoter of the rat pyruvate carboxylase gene function as a glucose-responsive element.

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is an anaplerotic enzyme that regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. Dysregulation of its expression is associated with type 2 diabetes. Herein we describe the molecular mechanism underlying the glucose-mediated transcriptional regulation of the PC gene.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α regulates the expression of the murine pyruvate carboxylase gene through the HNF4-specific binding motif in its proximal promoter.

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is the first regulatory enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Here we report that the proximal promoter of the murine PC gene contains three binding sites for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α). These sites include the classical direct repeat 1 (DR1) (-386/-374), non-perfect DR1 (-118/-106) and HNF4α-specific binding motif (H4-SBM) (-26/-14).

Functional characterization of the proximal promoter of the murine pyruvate carboxylase gene in hepatocytes: role of multiple gc boxes.

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the first committed step in gluconeogenesis in the liver. The murine PC gene possesses two promoters, the proximal (P1) and the distal (P2) which mediate production of distinct tissue-specific mRNA isoforms. By comparing the luciferase activities of 5'-nested deletions of the P1-promoter in the AML12 mouse hepatocyte cell line, the critical cis-acting elements required for maintaining basal transcription were located within the 166 nucleotides proximal to the transcription start site.