Non-oral, aerobic, Gram-negative bacilli in the oral cavity of Thai HIV-positive patients on Highly-active anti-retrovirus therapy medication.

In the present study, we identified and evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility of 96 independent, aerobic, Gram-negative bacillus isolates from 255 Thai HIV-positive adults who were on Highly-active anti-retrovirus therapy (HAART) medication. Another 46 isolates from HIV non-HAART individuals, vertically transmitted HIV-positive individuals, and non-HIV controls were included for comparison. A total of 103 strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using disc diffusion for screening and E-test for minimal inhibitory concentration determination, with special attention on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) isolates.