Comparative evaluation of in vitro mechanical properties of different designs of epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation systems.

Objectives: To compare in vitro biomechanical properties of different designs of epoxy-pin external skeletal fixator (ESF) constructs.

Study Design: Mechanical testing study.

Sample Population: Four epoxy-pin ESF design constructs (uniplanar [EU], multiplanar-I [EM-I], multiplanar-II [EM-II], and circular [EC]) were mechanically tested in compression, bending, and torsion.