Anti-HIV and cytotoxic biphenyls, benzophenones and xanthones from stems, leaves and twigs of Garcinia speciosa.

Eleven previously undescribed compounds, including four benzophenones (garciosones A-D), four xanthones (garciosones E-H) and three biphenyls (garciosines A-C), along with eighteen known compounds were isolated from the stems, leaves and twigs of Garcinia speciosa Wall. (Clusiaceae). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis.

Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols and biphenyl derivatives from the roots of Garcinia nuntasaenii Ngerns. & Suddee.

Seven previously undescribed compounds, including three polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (garcinuntins A-C), three biphenyl derivatives (garcinuntabiphenyls A-C) and a lanostane triterpene (garcinuntine), along with thirteen known compounds were isolated from the root of Garcinia nuntasaenii Ngerns. & Suddee. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques.

Cytotoxic lanostanes from fruits of Garcinia wallichii Choisy (Guttiferae).

Five new lanostanes, wallichinanes A-E (1-5) together with a known lanostane derivative 6 were isolated from the cytotoxic hexanes extract of fruits of Garcinia wallichii Choisy (Guttiferae). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by analysis of spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction technique as well as comparison with the literature data. The cytotoxicity of all isolated compounds against a panel of cultured cancer cell lines was evaluated.

A New Neolignan, and the Cytotoxic and Anti-HIV-1 Activities of Constituents from the Roots of Dasymaschalon sootepense.

Bioassay-guided isolation from the ethyl acetate extract of Dasymaschalon sootepense roots led to the isolation of twelve compounds including a new dihydrobenzo-furan neolignan, (+)-(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydro-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methylbenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde (5), and eleven known compounds (1-4, and 6-12). The chemical structures and stereochemistry of all the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic techniques. The known compounds 4 and 6 have been fully characterized spectroscopically, including their absolute configurations.

Protective effect of diarylheptanoids from Curcuma comosa on primary rat hepatocytes against t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced toxicity.

Context: Curcuma comosa Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) has traditionally been used as an anti-inflammatory agent in liver, and recent study has shown its hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury in vivo.

Objective: This study further assesses the protective effect of C.

Polyoxygenated cyclohexene derivatives isolated from Dasymaschalon sootepense and their biological activities.

Six new naturally occurring polyoxygenated cyclohexene derivatives together with eight related known derivatives, two known alkaloids, and two known flavonoid derivatives were isolated from bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves and twigs of Dasymaschalon sootepense. The structure elucidation and determination of absolute configurations were established by various spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction techniques as well as comparison with the literature data. Several isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic, anti-HIV-1 RT and anti-inflammatory activities.

Autophagy inhibition by caffeine increases toxicity of methamphetamine in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive CNS stimulant that its long-term use is associated with the loss of neurons in substantia nigra and development of Parkinson's disease later in life. Common form of METH is Ya-Ba tablet, in which, large portion of caffeine is added to the mass to enhance the stimulatory effect. Previous study demonstrated that caffeine potentiates the toxic effect of METH in association with the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of apoptosis.

Cytotoxic alkaloids from leaves and twigs of Dasymaschalon sootepense.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic ethyl acetate fraction of the sequential methanol extract from the leaves and twigs of Dasymaschalon sootepense led to the isolation of a new 7-hydroxy aporphine alkaloid, 6a,7-dehydrodasymachaline (1) along with the five known compounds (-)-nordicentrine (2), dicentrinone (3), (-)-sinactine (4), aristolactam AII (5) and epiberberine (6). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report of alkaloids 1-2 and 5-6 from the genus Dasymaschalon.

Zederone, a sesquiterpene from Curcuma elata Roxb, is hepatotoxic in mice.

The present study aimed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of zederone isolated from Curcuma elata in mice. Adult male mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of zederone (50-300 mg/kg body weight [BW]). Twenty-four hours after the injection, zederone induced liver enlargement with scattered white foci over the organ.

Cytotoxic, antitopoisomerase IIα, and anti-HIV-1 activities of triterpenoids isolated from leaves and twigs of Gardenia carinata.

Eight new cycloartane triterpenoids (1-8), named carinatins A-H, and the known compounds secaubryolide (9) and dikamaliartane D (10) were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Gardenia carinata. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxic, antitopoisomerase IIα, and anti-HIV-1 activities of compounds 1-7, 9, and 10 were investigated.

Cleistanthoside A tetraacetate-induced DNA damage leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with the involvement of p53 in lung cancer cells.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is the major obstacle for effective treatment. The present study investigated the anticancer potential of cleistanthoside A tetraacetate (CAT), a derivative of cleistanthoside A from Phyllanthus taxodiifolius Beille on human lung cancer cells, LU-1. Multiple molecular approaches were used in this study and include measuring the anti-proliferative effect of CAT in LU-1 cells using flow cytometry; evaluating the induction of apoptosis by monitoring DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization and activation of caspase-3 activity; and assaying the expression of regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis using immunoblots.

Inhibition of topoisomerase II α activity and induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells by semi-synthetic andrographolide analogues.

Topoisomerase II α enzyme plays a critical role in DNA replication process. It controls the topologic states of DNA during transcription and is essential for cell proliferation. Human DNA topoisomerase II α (hTopo II α) is a promising chemotherapeutic target for anticancer agents against a variety of cancer types.

DNA topoisomerase IIα inhibitory and anti-HIV-1 flavones from leaves and twigs of Gardenia carinata.

Four new flavones, 5,2'-dihydroxy-7,3',4',5'-tetramethoxyflavone (1), 5,2',5'-trihydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone (2), 5,7,2',5'-tetrahydroxy-6,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone (3) and 5,2',5'-trihydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (4), along with the known 5,3'-dihydroxy-6,7,4',5'-tetramethoxyflavone (5), 5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyflavone (6), syringaldehyde, vanillic acid and scopoletin were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Gardenia carinata (Rubiaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Flavone 2 exhibited cytotoxic activity against P-388 and MCF-7 cell lines, while 3, 5 and 6 were active only in P-388 cell line.

Induction of apoptosis in murine leukemia by diarylheptanoids from Curcuma comosa Roxb.

Diarylheptanoids, isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma comosa Roxb., have several biological activities including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation. The present study investigated the effect of five diarylheptanoids isolated from C.

Cytotoxic alkaloids from stems, leaves and twigs of Dasymaschalon blumei.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic ethyl acetate extract from the stems of Dasymaschalon blumei (Annonaceae) led to the isolation of four aristololactam alkaloids, including the hitherto unknown 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyaristolactam (1), as well as the three known compounds, aristolactam BI, goniopedaline, and griffithinam. Additionally, the cytotoxic extract from the combined leaves and twigs of the same plant yielded three known oxoaporphine alkaloids, oxodiscoguattine, dicentrinone, and duguevalline. The structures of aristolactams and oxoaporphine alkaloids were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods.

Protection of centrilobular necrosis by Curcuma comosa Roxb. in carbon tetrachloride-induced mice liver injury.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of Curcuma comosa hexane extract on CCl(4)-induced liver injury in adult male mice.

Materials And Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4) and was evaluated after 24 h from the elevations of plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, and histological analysis of liver injuries. Hexane extract of Curcuma comosa was given at different time points from 1 to 72 h, prior to CCl(4) administration and the protection from liver injury was assessed.

Protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice by Curcuma comosa Roxb. ethanol extract.

The protective effect of an ethanol extract of Curcuma comosa against cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in mice was studied. Adult male mice were pretreated for 4 days with the ethanol extract of C. comosa [100-200 mg/kg body weight (BW), orally (p.

Interactions of organic anion transporters and organic cation transporters with mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of moulds that which exert adverse effects in humans and animals. It is known that direct cellular toxicity is often associated with increased cellular accumulation of toxic compounds, and membrane transport may be the first fundamental stage in the development of the cytotoxicity. To elucidate the entry pathway for mycotoxins into cells, we have investigated the interactions of human and rat organic anion transporters (hOATs/rOats) and human organic cation transporters (hOCTs) with mycotoxins using cells stably expressing hOATs/rOats/hOCTs.