Conducting ethical, co-produced research with autistic individuals with an eating disorder: best practice guidelines.

There is a notable overlap between autism and eating disorders (EDs), and autistic individuals may experience poorer ED treatment outcomes than non-autistic peers. To make meaningful change in this field, it is imperative that we actively engage in co-production of research, however there are currently no guidelines to support co-production with autistic people with eating disorders. This paper reports on best practice guidelines that were co-produced across a series of workshops bringing together autistic people with EDs, researchers, clinicians, third-sector organisations, and parents/carers.

Camouflaging, not sensory processing or autistic identity, predicts eating disorder symptoms in autistic adults.

This study aimed to explore the impact of Autistic identity (i.e. feeling like you belong to the Autistic community), sensory profiles (e.

Observations and properties of the first laboratory fusion experiment to exceed a target gain of unity.

An indirect-drive inertial fusion experiment on the National Ignition Facility was driven using 2.05 MJ of laser light at a wavelength of 351 nm and produced 3.1±0.

Design of the first fusion experiment to achieve target energy gain G>1.

In this work we present the design of the first controlled fusion laboratory experiment to reach target gain G>1 N221204 (5 December 2022) [Phys. Rev. Lett.

Smoothing tool design and performance during subaperture glass polishing.

During subaperture tool grinding and polishing, overlaps of the tool influence function can result in undesirable mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors in the form of surface ripples, which are often corrected using a smoothing polishing step. In this study, flat multi-layer smoothing polishing tools are designed and tested to simultaneously (1) reduce or remove MSF errors, (2) minimize surface figure degradation, and (3) maximize the material removal rate. A time-dependent convergence model in which spatial material removal varies with a workpiece-tool height mismatch, combined with a finite element mechanical analysis to determine the interface contact pressure distribution, was developed to evaluate various smoothing tool designs as a function of tool material properties, thicknesses, pad textures, and displacements.

Understanding the tool influence function during sub-aperture belt-on-wheel glass polishing.

The tool influence function (TIF) during sub-aperture belt-on-wheel polishing has been evaluated as a function of various process conditions (belt use/wear, dwell time, displacement, belt velocity, and wheel modulus and diameter) on fused silica glass workpieces using polishing media. TIF spots are circular or elliptical in shape with a largely flat bottom character. The volumetric removal rate varies significantly with belt use (or wear), stabilizing after ∼15 of use.

Toward the fabrication of a 5-μm-resolution Wolter microscope for the National Ignition Facility (invited).

Advancements in computer-controlled polishing, metrology, and replication have led to an x-ray mirror fabrication process that is capable of producing high-resolution Wolter microscopes. We present the fabrication and test of a nickel-cobalt replicated full-shell x-ray mirror that was electroformed from a finely figured and polished mandrel. This mandrel was designed for an 8-m source-to-detector-distance microscope, with 10× magnification, and was optimized to reduce shell distortions that occur within 20 mm of the shell ends.

Modeling the hydrodynamic impact on the tool influence function during hemispherical subaperture optical polishing.

To fabricate high-precision and accurate optics relative to the optical design surface, a high level of deterministic control of material removal (i.e., the tool influence function, TIF) during subaperture tool polishing is required.

Understanding and reducing mid-spatial frequency ripples during hemispherical sub-aperture tool glass polishing.

During sub-aperture tool polishing of glass optics, mid-spatial surface ripples are generated because of material removal non-uniformities during tool linear translation (resulting in feed ripples) and tool pathway step overlaps (resulting in pitch ripples). A variety of tool influence function (TIF) spots, trenches, and patches were created to understand and minimize such ripples on fused silica workpieces after polishing with cerium oxide slurry using a rotating hemispherical pad-foam tool. The feed ripple amplitude can be decreased by reducing the non-uniformities in the pad texture and/or by minimizing a derived feed ripple metric (=0.

Effect of workpiece curvature on the tool influence function during hemispherical sub-aperture tool glass polishing.

The influence of workpiece curvature on the tool influence function spot during polishing of fused silica glass with cerium oxide slurry, while using a rotating hemispherical pad-foam tool for a wide variety of process conditions (tool displacement, inclination angle, and rotation rate), has been investigated. (Workpiece curvature ranged from 500 mm radius concave to 43 mm radius convex.) The TIF spot decreases in diameter and increases in the peak removal rate on more convex workpieces.

Mechanisms influencing and prediction of tool influence function spots during hemispherical sub-aperture tool polishing on fused silica.

Sub-aperture tool polishing of precision optics requires a detailed understanding of the local material removal [tool influence function (TIF)] at the contact spot between the workpiece and tool to achieve high removal determinism and hence precision of the optic relative to the desired/design surface figure. In this study, the mechanisms influencing and the quantitative prediction of the removal rate and shape of TIF spots during polishing of fused silica glass with cerium oxide slurry using a rotating hemispherical pad-foam tool for a wide variety of process conditions (including tool properties, kinematics, and applied displacements) are investigated. The TIF volumetric removal rate can be estimated utilizing the average relative velocity and contact area using a simple analytical model.

Sapphire advanced mitigation process: wet etch to expose sub-surface damage and increase laser damage resistance and mechanical strength.

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, method of wet chemical etching of sapphire workpieces (such as optics, wafers, windows, and cones), called the sapphire advanced mitigation process (or sapphire AMP), has been developed that exposes sub-surface mechanical damage created during the optical fabrication process and significantly enhances the surface laser damage resistance ($ \gt {2{\times}}$>2×) and mechanical strength (up to $\sim{2.6{\times}}$∼2.6×).

Additive Manufacturing of Optical Quality Germania-Silica Glasses.

Direct ink writing (DIW) three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a revolutionary approach to fabricating components with gradients in material properties. Herein, we report a method for generating colloidal germania feedstock and germania-silica inks for the production of optical quality germania-silica (GeO-SiO) glasses by DIW, making available a new material composition for the development of multimaterial and functionally graded optical quality glasses and ceramics by additive manufacturing. Colloidal germania and silica particles are prepared by a base-catalyzed sol-gel method and converted to printable shear-thinning suspensions with desired viscoelastic properties for DIW.

Towards predicting removal rate and surface roughness during grinding of optical materials.

A series of controlled grinding experiments, utilizing loose or fixed abrasives of either alumina or diamond at various particle sizes, were performed on a wide range of optical workpiece materials [single crystals of (sapphire), SiC, (YAG), , and (LBO); a --- glass ceramic (Zerodur); and glasses of : (ULE), (fused silica), and --- (phosphate)]. The material removal rate, surface roughness, and morphology of surface fractures were measured. Separately, Vickers indentation was performed on the workpieces, and the depths of various crack types as a function of applied load was measured.

Particle damage sources for fused silica optics and their mitigation on high energy laser systems.

High energy laser systems are ultimately limited by laser-induced damage to their critical components. This is especially true of damage to critical fused silica optics, which grows rapidly upon exposure to additional laser pulses. Much progress has been made in eliminating damage precursors in as-processed fused silica optics (the advanced mitigation process, AMP3), and very high damage resistance has been demonstrated in laboratory studies.

3D-Printed Transparent Glass.

Silica inks are developed, which may be 3D printed and thermally processed to produce optically transparent glass structures with sub-millimeter features in forms ranging from scaffolds to monoliths. The inks are composed of silica powder suspended in a liquid and are printed using direct ink writing. The printed structures are then dried and sintered at temperatures well below the silica melting point to form amorphous, solid, transparent glass structures.

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films.

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters.

Origins of optical absorption characteristics of Cu(2+) complexes in aqueous solutions.

Many transition metal complexes exhibit infrared or visible optical absorption arising from d-d transitions that are the key to functionality in technological applications and biological processes. The observed spectral characteristics of the absorption spectra depend on several underlying physical parameters whose relative contributions are still not fully understood. Although conventional arguments based on ligand-field theory can be invoked to rationalize the peak absorption energy, they cannot describe the detailed features of the observed spectral profile such as the spectral width and shape, or unexpected correlations between the oscillator strength and absorption peak position.

Estimation of excited-state absorption and photobleaching in Fe²⁺-doped lithium sodium silicate glass under exposure to high-power nanosecond laser pulses.

Fe-doped lithium sodium silicate glasses codoped with Sn and C to promote the Fe²⁺ redox state are investigated under simultaneous excitation at the first and third harmonics of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser. The aim is to evaluate critical parameters associated with the potential use of this material as an optical filter that transmits the third harmonic but blocks the fundamental frequency. Estimations of the excited-state absorption coefficient and photobleaching (reduction of absorption at the fundamental) are provided.

Convergent polishing: a simple, rapid, full aperture polishing process of high quality optical flats & spheres.

Convergent Polishing is a novel polishing system and method for finishing flat and spherical glass optics in which a workpiece, independent of its initial shape (i.e., surface figure), will converge to final surface figure with excellent surface quality under a fixed, unchanging set of polishing parameters in a single polishing iteration.

Dynamics of defects in Ce³⁺ doped silica affecting its performance as protective filter in ultraviolet high-power lasers.

We investigate defects forming in Ce³⁺-doped fused silica samples following exposure to nanosecond ultraviolet laser pulses and their relaxation as a function of time and exposure to low intensity light at different wavelengths. A subset of these defects are responsible for inducing absorption in the visible and near infrared spectral range, which is of critical importance for the use of this material as ultraviolet light absorbing filter in high power laser systems. The dependence of the induced absorption as a function of laser fluence and methods to most efficiently mitigate this effect are presented.

Enhanced delamination of ultrathin free-standing polymer films via self-limiting surface modification.

Free-standing polymer thin films are typically fabricated using a sacrificial underlayer (between the film and its deposition substrate) or overlayer (on top of the film to assist peeling) in order to facilitate removal of the thin film from its deposition substrate. We show the direct delamination of extraordinarily thin (as thin as 8 nm) films of poly(vinyl formal) (PVF), polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate). Large (up to 13 cm diameter) films of PVF could be captured on wire supports to produce free-standing films.

High fluence laser damage precursors and their mitigation in fused silica.

The use of any optical material is limited at high fluences by laser-induced damage to optical surfaces. In many optical materials, the damage results from a series of sources which initiate at a large range of fluences and intensities. Much progress has been made recently eliminating silica surface damage due to fracture-related precursors at relatively low fluences (i.