Effects of alpha-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp extract and imidacloprid on Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and non-target organisms: toxicity and detoxification mechanism.

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvato lugens Stat. (BPH) is the most devastating insect pest in rice fields. Outbreaks of BPH, which are resistant to many synthetic insecticides, can cause total rice crop loss.

Susceptibility and avoidance behavior by Culex quinquefasciatus Say to three classes of residual insecticides.

The behavioral responses ofthree colonized strains of Culex quinquefasciatus, two from recent field collections in Thailand (Nonthaburi and Mae Sot) and one from a long-established colony from the National Institute of Health (NIH), Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, were compared during and after exposure to deltamethrin (0.02 g/m2), propoxur (0.2 g/m2), and fenitrothion (0.