Efficacy and Safety of Oral Neomycin for the Decolonization of Carbapenem-Resistant : An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Patients with carbapenem-resistant (CRE) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are at risk for subsequent infections and transmission, necessitating contact precautions. Neomycin has shown in vitro activity against CRE in 66-85% of isolates. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of neomycin for CRE decolonization.

The risk of pig and chicken farming for carriage and transmission of containing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and mobile colistin resistance () genes in Thailand.

South-East Asian countries report a high prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- (ESC-) and colistin-resistant (Col-R-). However, there are still few studies describing the molecular mechanisms and transmission dynamics of ESC-R- and, especially, Col-R-. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and transmission dynamics of containing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and mobile colistin resistance () genes using a 'One Health' design in Thailand.

Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes in Selected Communities in Thailand.

Integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using the approach that includes humans, animals, food, and the environment has been recommended by responsible international organizations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of AMR phenotypes in and species isolated from humans, pigs, chickens, and wild rodents in five communities in northern Thailand. Rectal swabs from 269 pigs and 318 chickens; intestinal contents of 196 wild rodents; and stool samples from 69 pig farmers, 155 chicken farmers, and 61 non-farmers were cultured for and species, which were then tested for resistance to ceftriaxone, colistin, and meropenem.

Feasibility, Challenges, and Benefits of Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Implementation: Results from a Multicenter Quasi-Experimental Study.

The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) is one of the pillars of the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance launched by the World Health Organization in 2015. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility and benefits of GLASS as a component of antimicrobial stewardship strategies in three provincial hospitals in Thailand. Data on the types of bacteria isolated and their antibiotic susceptibility during January-December 2019 and January-April 2020 were retrieved from the microbiology laboratory of each participating hospital.

A One Health approach to assessing occupational exposure to antimicrobial resistance in Thailand: The FarmResist project.

This Southeast Asia-Europe research project will use a One Health approach to identify the major parameters responsible for the presence of animal-associated antimicrobial resistant bacteria in animal production facilities in Thailand and the risk of their transmission from animals to humans. We will focus on traditional, small, extensive pig and poultry farms where information on antibiotic use is scarce and animals live in close contact with humans. This cross-sectional study will be based on the epidemiological analysis of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) present in fecal samples from animals and humans.

Case Report: Recovery of Pathogenic spp. from Routine Aerobic Blood Culture Bottles.

spp. are fastidious and slow-growing bacteria, making recovery difficult and diagnostic sensitivity in the clinical setting low. However, collection of isolates is valuable for epidemiological and laboratory research.

Contamination by Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Selected Environments in Thailand.

This study determined the presence of important antibiotic-resistant bacteria in selected environments in Thailand, including wastewater samples from 60 hospitals; washed fluid, leachate, flies, cockroaches, and rats collected from five open markets; washed fluid from garbage trucks; and stabilized leachate from a landfill facility. At least one type of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was isolated from all samples of influent fluid before treatment in hospitals, from wastewater treatment tank content in hospitals, and from 15% of effluent fluid samples after treatment with chlorine prior to draining it into a public water source. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were recovered from 80% of washed market fluid samples, 60% of market leachate samples, all fly samples, 80% of cockroach samples, and all samples of intestinal content of rats collected from the open markets.

Prevalence of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from humans in Thailand.

Objectives: Historically, colistin has been considered a last-line therapeutic option against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, chromosomally-encoded and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance is increasingly being reported worldwide. Spread of the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 is of great concern since it can be transferred between bacteria.

Evaluation of the Rapid Polymyxin NP test for detection of colistin susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Thai patients.

Development and evaluations of the Rapid Polymyxin NP test for detection of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae have been recently reported. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the test using a larger number of Enterobacteriaceae, and a larger proportion of isolates with a colistin MIC close to the breakpoint. Out of 339 isolates, the Rapid Polymyxin NP test detected colistin resistance in 13 isolates of Escherichia coli, 213 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes, and 10 isolates of the other Enterobacteriaceae species.

Thailand Antimicrobial Resistance Containment and Prevention Program.

The Thailand Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Containment and Prevention Program was founded to develop, co-ordinate and implement AMR Containment and Prevention (AMRCP) operational actions in Thailand following the 'One Health' approach. This article summarises the ten AMRCP operational actions initiated during the initial phase of the programme from 2012 to 2016: estimating the national AMR burden; establishing the dynamics of AMR chains to understand how AMR in Thailand develops and spreads; developing a national AMRCP infrastructure; developing laboratory and information technology systems for surveillance of AMR, antibiotic use and hospital-acquired infections; regulating the use and distribution of antibiotics in humans and food animals; generating local evidence for promoting responsible use of antibiotics and efficient practices for infection prevention and control; designing AMRCP campaigns; creating an AMRCP package; implementing the AMRCP package in selected pilot communities; and conducting research and development on diagnostics, therapy and prevention of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections. The programme's core campaign is to stop producing AMR by promoting responsible use of antibiotics, and to stop the acquisition and transmission of AMR by promoting good sanitation and hygiene as well as compliance with infection control and prevention practices.

In vitro and in vivo activity of tebipenem against ESBL-producing E. coli.

Objective: To determine in vitro and in vivo activity of tebipenem against ESBL-producing E. coli.

Material And Method: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tebipenem against 100 clinical isolates of ESBL-producing E.

In vitro activity of polymyxin B against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Objective: To determine in vitro activity of polymyxin B against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Material And Method: The activity of polymyxin B was determined against 217 strains of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii collected from different patients by standard agar dilution method and disk diffusion test using polymyxin B disk (300 units).

Prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in healthy adults, foods, food animals, and the environment in selected areas in Thailand.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, in samples from healthy adults, foods, food animals, and the environment in selected areas of Thailand.

Methods: Samples were collected from stool specimens from adult food factory and food animal farm workers, fresh and cooked foods sold at markets, rectal swabs of healthy pigs and chickens, fresh pork meat from slaughterhouses, water samples from canals as well as fish and shrimp farm ponds, and stagnant water sources on pig farms. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion or agar dilution methods.

In vitro susceptibility test of sitafloxacin against resistant gram-negative bacilli isolated from Thai patients by disk diffusion method.

Objective: To determine a correlation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sitafloxacin determined by agar dilution method with inhibition zone diameter of sitafloxacin determined by disk diffusion method, and to determine inhibition zone, diameter breakpoints of sitafloxacin against resistant gram-negative bacilli isolated from Thai patients.

Material And Method: The study bacteria were 332 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli including ESBL-producing E. coli, ESBL-producing K.

In vitro activity of colistin plus sulbactam against extensive-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by checkerboard method.

Objective: To determine in vitro activity of colistin plus sulbactam against extensive-drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii.

Material And Method: Checkerboard method was used to determine in vitro activity of colistin plus sulbactam against 11 clinical isolates of XDR A. baumannii.

Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and its correlation with clinical laboratory standards institute interpretive criteria for disk diffusion susceptibility testing in enterobacteriaceae isolates in Thaialnd.

We performed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypic testing and molecular characterization of three ESBL genes (TEM, SHV and CTX-M) and susceptibility testing by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion method against three cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime) and a cephamycin (cefoxitin) among 128 Thai Escherichia coli and 84 Thai Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. ESBL production was discovered in 62% of E. coli and 43% of K.

Viability of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) from feces of Thai healthy subjects regularly taking milk product containing LcS.

Objective: To demonstrate the recovery of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) from feces of Thai subjects who regularly took LcS containing milk product for 1 week and demonstrate the disappearance of LcS after stopped taking milk product.

Material And Method: First fecal samples were collected from 20 healthy adults at 10 days after they abstained from all lactobacillus containing milk products. Second specimens taken after the subjects ingested LcS containing milk product for 7 days and third specimens at 7 days after they stopped taking LcS containing milk product.

Comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against bacteria isolated from Thai patients with urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections.

Objective: To determine comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical isolates of bacteria from Thai patients with urinary tract infection and those with lower respiratory tract infection.

Material And Method: 1,255 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus spp, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from different Thai patients with urinary tract infection and those with lower respiratory tract infection in 2010 were included. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of sitafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, imipenem, amikacin, ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, penicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, azithromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were determined by standard agar dilution method.

Inhibitory activity of fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota against common multidrug-resistant bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections.

Objective: To determine inhibitory activity of fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (FMLC) against common multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections.

Material And Method: Time-kill methods of FMLC and cell-free filtered fluid of FMLC (CF-FMLC) against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli & Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were conducted. The control solutions were Mueller Hinton broth (MHB) and distilled water.

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in fecal flora of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in Thailand.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in fecal flora of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate (TRUSB) and the factors associated with such antibiotic resistance.

Methods: A prospective study of patients undergoing TRUSB was conducted. Rectal swabs were performed and sent for cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing before TRUSB.

Microbiological equivalence of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of the sera from healthy volunteers receiving generic piperacillin/tazobactam (Pipertaz) and original piperacillin/tazobactam (Tazocin).

Background: Several generic piperacillin/ tazobactam formulations have been approved by Thai Food andDrugAdministration, Ministry of Public Health. Piperacillin/ tazobactam is a parenteral drug. Therefore, a study demonstrating a biological equivalence of generic piperacillin/ tazobactam is not required for drug registration in Thailand.