All-trans retinoic acid enhances anti-proliferative effect of dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in triple negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer remains the most diagnosed cancer in females and one of its most challenging subtypes is Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Treatment of TNBC presents challenges due to limited targeted therapies, inefficacy of chemotherapy, and severe side effects. Therefore, combination therapies are preferred to reduce toxicity and drug resistance.