Remote sensing, GIS, and analytic hierarchy process-based delineation and sustainable management of potential groundwater zones: a case study of Jhargram district, West Bengal, India.

The present investigation delineates groundwater potential zones (GPZ) in the Jhargram district through an integrated approach employing analytical hierarchical process (AHP), remote sensing, and geographical information systems (GIS). Twelve parameters were utilized for GPZ analysis based on the Groundwater Potential Index, subsequent to multicollinearity testing. Classification of GPZ yielded five distinct categories: very poor, poor, moderate, good, and very good.

Superfluid density in conventional superconductors: from clean to strongly disordered.

The highly convergent form of superfluid density in disordered conventional superconductors available in the literature and independently obtained by us following the approach of an earlier paper (Mandal and Ramakrishnan 2020B024514) has been reformulated to separate out the generally used so-called 'dirty-limit' term and an additional term. We use this new expression for making an extensive comparison with previously published experimental data and show that the former, generally used, term issufficient for analyzing these results. We point out that consequently, there is a large regime (disordered superconductors with moderate to no disorder) where theoretical predictions need to be confronted with experiment.

Phase fluctuations in conventional superconductors.

Within the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, superconductivity is entirely governed by the pairing energy scale, which gives rise to the superconducting energy gap, Δ. However, another important energy scale, the superfluid phase stiffness,, which determines the resilience of the superconductor to phase-fluctuations is normally ignored. The spectacular success of BCS theory owes to the fact that in conventional superconductorsis normally several orders of magnitude larger than Δ and thus an irrelevant energy scale.

Relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic comparison of calcium glucoheptonate with calcium carbonate.

Adequate calcium intake is important for the prevention of bone loss and osteoporosis. For some populations such as those of Southeast Asia where calcium intake is very low, supplements represent a suitable dietary source of calcium. The objective of this study was to compare the relative oral bioavailability of calcium from calcium glucoheptonate, a highly soluble calcium salt containing 8.

Collective flux pinning in hexatic vortex fluid in a-MoGe thin film.

We investigate the magnetic field variation of the thermally activated flux flow resistivity, ρ and flux flow critical current density, J , in a weakly pinned thin film of the amorphous superconductor a-MoGe, where vortices are in a fluid state over a large range of magnetic fields. We show that both quantities can be understood within the framework of collective pinning theory. In particular, our results demonstrate that a 'peak effect' can arise at the order-disorder transition of the vortex lattice even when both the ordered and disordered states are vortex fluids, such as the boundary between a hexatic vortex fluid and an isotropic vortex liquid.

Melting of the Vortex Lattice through Intermediate Hexatic Fluid in an a-MoGe Thin Film.

The hexatic fluid refers to a phase in between a solid and a liquid that has short-range positional order but quasi-long-range orientational order. In the celebrated theory of Berezinskii, Kosterlitz, and Thouless and subsequently refined by Halperin, Nelson, and Young, it was predicted that a two-dimensional hexagonal solid can melt in two steps: first, through a transformation from a solid to a hexatic fluid, which retains quasi-long-range orientational order; and then from a hexatic fluid to an isotropic liquid. In this Letter, using a combination of real space imaging and transport measurements, we show that the two-dimensional vortex lattice in an a-MoGe thin film follows this sequence of melting as the magnetic field is increased.

Studies on the residue of hydrogen cyanamide in grape berries.

Multilocational field trials were conducted in grapevines at four different locations by applying hydrogen cyanamide 50% SL during 2006-2007. In order to determine the residue of hydrogen cyanamide in grape, hydrogen cyanamide 50% SL was applied to the freshly pruned grapevines at the rate of 1.20% a.