Subcellular NAD pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD.

The coenzyme NAD is consumed by signalling enzymes, including poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases (PARPs) and sirtuins. Ageing is associated with a decrease in cellular NAD levels, but how cells cope with persistently decreased NAD concentrations is unclear. Here, we show that subcellular NAD pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a rheostat to maintain NAD levels upon excessive consumption.

Linking metabolism and histone acetylation dynamics by integrated metabolic flux analysis of Acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation sites.

Objectives: Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic modification that regulates various biological processes and cell homeostasis. Acetyl-CoA, a hub molecule of metabolism, is the substrate for histone acetylation, thus linking metabolism with epigenetic regulation. However, still relatively little is known about the dynamics of histone acetylation and its dependence on metabolic processes, due to the lack of integrated methods that can capture site-specific histone acetylation and deacetylation reactions together with the dynamics of acetyl-CoA synthesis.

Adherence to antihypertensive medication and its associated factors among patients with hypertension attending a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity globally. Despite the evidences of the availability of effective treatment for hypertension, its management remains suboptimal. Medication adherence is the most crucial factor for blood pressure control.

Nanocellulose-based porous lightweight materials with flame retardant properties: A review.

This review discusses the development and application of nanocellulose (NC)-aerogels, a sustainable and biodegradable biomaterial, with enhanced flame retardant (FR) properties. NC-aerogels combine the excellent physical and mechanical properties of NC with the low density and thermal conductivity of aerogels, making them promising for thermal insulation and other fields. However, the flammability of NC-aerogels limits their use in some applications, such as electromagnetic interference shielding, oil/water separation, and flame-resistant textiles.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Review of their Biomedical Applications and Preparation.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are gaining significant attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them a popular functional nanocarrier. SLNs are a popular nanocarrier due to their ability to bypass the spleen and liver, offer high drug stability, and improve bioavailability, sterilization, immobilization, targeted drug release, and biocompatible ingredients. This article discusses various SLN preparation techniques, including high shear homogenization, hot homogenization, cold homogenization, microemulsion-based, solvent evaporation, solvent emulsification-evaporation, supercritical fluid-based, spray drying, double emulsion, and precipitation techniques, focusing on methodological aspects.

Accounting for NAD Concentrations in Genome-Scale Metabolic Models Captures Important Metabolic Alterations in NAD-Depleted Systems.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a ubiquitous molecule found within all cells, acting as a crucial coenzyme in numerous metabolic reactions. It plays a vital role in energy metabolism, cellular signaling, and DNA repair. Notably, NAD levels decline naturally with age, and this decline is associated with the development of various age-related diseases.

-Butylhydroperoxide mediated radical cyanoalkylation/cyanoalkenylation of 2-anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones with vinylarenes/arylalkynes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s.

A novel sustainable methodology based on one-pot cyanoalkylation/cyanoalkenylation of 2-anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones with vinylarenes/arylalkynes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s involving a three-component radical cascade pathway has been achieved. Here, -butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) acts as an efficient oxidant, and it smoothly drives the reaction, producing the three-component products in very good to excellent yields. This cascade reaction eliminates the use of any base, additive, metal and hazardous cyanating agent.

Nicotine neurotoxicity exacerbation following engineered Ag and Cu (50-60 nm) nanoparticles intoxication. Neuroprotection with nanowired delivery of antioxidant compound H-290/51 together with serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron.

Nicotine abuse is frequent worldwide leading to about 8 millions people die every year due to tobacco related diseases. Military personnel often use nicotine smoking that is about 12.8% higher than civilian populations.

Two-axis MEMS positioner for waveguide alignment in silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits.

Alignment is critical for efficient integration of photonic integrated circuits (PICs), and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators have shown potential to tackle this issue. In this work, we report MEMS positioning actuators designed with the ultimate goal of aligning silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides either to different outputs within a SiN chip or to active chips, such as lasers and semiconductor optical amplifiers. For the proof-of-concept, suspended SiN waveguides implemented on a silicon-on-insulator wafer were displaced horizontally in the direction of light propagation to close an initial gap of 6.

Biomarkers of liver diseases.

The liver is one of the pivotal organs in the human body and is fundamentally responsible for detoxification and metabolism. Various disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatitis are associated with improper functions of the liver. Hence, biomarkers are needed to determine the severity.

Mandibular Flexure and Crestal Bone Stress Distribution on an Implant-Supported Fixed Full Arch Mandibular Prosthesis: Finite Element Analysis in Three Dimensions.

Aim This study's objective was to assess and analyze, using 3D Finite Element Analysis, the impact of four mandibular complete arch superstructures on the distribution of stress in the crestal bone during mandibular flexure. Materials and methods Four Finite element models of the mandible with different implant-retained framework designs have been developed. Three of these models had six axial implants placed at intervals of 11.

Takayasu arteritis in a young male patient: a case report and review of literature.

Takayasu arteritis is a systemic inflammatory disorder that causes harm to the large and medium arteries and their branches. It is primarily prevalent in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, with the incidence rate in Asia being reported to be 100 times higher than in Europe and North America. Females in their second or third decades of life are most commonly affected by this condition.

Comparative Effect of No Finish Line, Heavy Chamfer, and Shoulder Marginal Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Zirconia (Cercon) Ceramic Restoration: An In Vitro Study.

Background Because all-ceramic crowns are more aesthetic and biocompatible than metal-ceramic crowns, they have grown in popularity among patients and dentists. Poor finish line layout can result in restoration margin fracturing, hence, finish line arrangement is critical to maintaining the restoration's marginal integrity. The goal of this in-vitro study is to evaluate zirconia's resistance to fracture (Cercon) ceramic restorations with three marginal designs (no finish line, heavy chamfer, and shoulder).

Heterocyclic Diaryliodonium-Based Inhibitors of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Finding new therapeutic strategies against Gram-negative pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii is challenging. Starting from diphenyleneiodonium (dPI) salts, which are moderate Gram-positive antibacterials, we synthesized a focused heterocyclic library and found a potent inhibitor of patient-derived multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains that significantly reduced bacterial burden in an animal model of infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), listed as a priority 1 critical pathogen by the World Health Organization. Next, using advanced chemoproteomics platforms and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), we identified and biochemically validated betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BetB), an enzyme that is involved in the metabolism and maintenance of osmolarity, as a potential target for this compound.

Hepatic portal venous gas in the case of superior mesenteric artery thrombosis in a young adult-case report.

Hepatic portal venous gas is diagnosed via computed tomography due to unusual imaging features. HPVG when linked with pneumatosis intestinalis has a high mortality rate and required urgent intervention. We present a case of a 26-year-old young adult with superior mesenteric artery thrombosis who presented with severe abdominal pain.

Congenital unilateral absence of right pulmonary artery with VSD and wide aortopulmonary window in an adult patient: a case report.

Unlabelled: Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a very rare condition, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 200,000 population, which is commonly associated with various cardiovascular anomalies or can occur in an isolated manner. Isolated cases survive to adulthood and remain asymptomatic, but they may frequently experience hemoptysis, repeated infections, or symptoms like dyspnea and chest pain. Due to the rarity of the disorder and its ambiguous appearance, diagnosis can be very challenging.

Late diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex in a 40-year-old female presenting with abdominal pain: a case report.

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a rare autosomal-dominant neurocutaneous disorder that is characterized by hamartomas affecting a variety of organs, including the brain, heart, kidneys, skin, lungs, and liver. TS can emerge in a wide variety of clinical and phenotypic forms at any age, all with varying degrees of severity, and is brought on by mutations in the tumor suppressor genes or . This case report is about a 40-year-old female with facial angiofibromas and abdominal symptoms who was referred to the radiology department of our hospital for ultrasonography of the abdomen, which revealed echogenic mass lesions/angiomyolipomas in bilateral kidneys.

A rare case of thoracic lipomyelomeningocele in a young female: A case report.

Thoracic lipomyelomeningocele is a rare type of congenital occult spinal dysraphism. It is characterized by lipomatous tissue connected to the dorsal spinal cord that protrudes through a spinal defect together with the meninges or spinal cord to form a posterior mass beneath the skin. Closed spinal dysraphism can present diagnostic challenges when resources are scarce and advanced imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging are not readily available.

Non-traumatic splenic rupture and pancreatic pseudocyst as a complication of pancreatitis: A case report.

Nontraumatic splenic rupture is a rare pancreatitis complication. We present a 61-year-old chronic alcoholic male with acute on chronic pancreatitis, which progressed to pseudocyst, splenic vein thrombosis, splenic rupture, and eventually hemoperitoneum. Later, the patient required an emergency laparotomy and splenectomy.

Shepherd's crook configuration of right coronary artery and anomalous origin of left circumflex artery from right coronary cusp in a middle-aged man-A case report.

Shepherd's crook configuration of the right coronary artery is a course anomaly where the ostium is oriented superiorly with the proximal artery taking an upward turn before resuming its regular path. Although it is classified as an unimportant hemodynamic variation, it is relevant in the context of coronary artery disease due to the technical issues it causes when being treated. The anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery arising as a separate branch from the right coronary cusp is a rare variant and its significance lies in its association with sudden arrhythmia, syncope, and sudden cardiac death.

Integrated 1 × 3 MEMS silicon nitride photonics switch.

We present a 1 × 3 optical switch based on a translational microelectromechanical system (MEMS) platform with integrated silicon nitride (SiN) photonic waveguides. The fabricated devices demonstrate efficient optical signal transmission between fixed and suspended movable waveguides. We report a minimum average insertion loss of 4.

Multiple intracranial hydatid cysts in posterior fossa in an adult-A case report.

Hydatid cyst is an uncommon parasitic disease caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus. The liver is the most frequently affected organ followed by the lungs and the spleen. Intracranial hydatid cysts are uncommon and occur mostly in supratentorial region.

Late diagnosis of dorsolumbar lipomyelomeningocele with tethered cord in a middle aged adult: A case report from Nepal.

Closed spinal dysraphism can present with diagnostic issues in settings with limited resources, when knowledge of the disorder and specialized radiological studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may not be readily available. Undiagnosed cases can develop serious neurological deficits. Here, we describe a case of dorsolumbar lipomyelomeningocele, a type of closed spinal dysraphism, presenting in a middle aged with paraplegia complicated by bed sores.

Role of MRI in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy-A case report.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare inherited peroxisomal disorder that occurs due to a genetic mutation. This mutation impairs normal transport of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) into peroxisomes, hence impeding VLCFA breakdown leading to its accumulation in plasma and tissues of the body. Due to its X-linked inheritance, it classically affects young males with most cases diagnosed during childhood.