Precision targeting of fat metabolism in triple negative breast cancer with a biotinylated copolymer.

Mitochondrial CPT1-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) critically contributes to the accelerated metastatic expansion of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hence, inhibition of FAO through active CPT1 targeting could be a promising therapeutic approach in anti-TNBC therapies. Herein, we strategically synthesized a pyrene chain end labelled copolymer bearing biotin pendants, CP4, that actively targets CPT1 and efficiently blocks FAO in metastatic TNBC.

Effects of Extract in Chronically Stressed Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Stress is a known causative factor in modulating cognitive health, which overall well-being and quality of life are dependent on. Long-term stress has been shown to disrupt the balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Adaptogens, such as (ashwagandha), are commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine for stress relief and ameliorating HPA-axis dysfunction.

Robust Prototypical Few-Shot Organ Segmentation With Regularized Neural-ODEs.

Despite the tremendous progress made by deep learning models in image semantic segmentation, they typically require large annotated examples, and increasing attention is being diverted to problem settings like Few-Shot Learning (FSL) where only a small amount of annotation is needed for generalisation to novel classes. This is especially seen in medical domains where dense pixel-level annotations are expensive to obtain. In this paper, we propose Regularized Prototypical Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (R-PNODE), a method that leverages intrinsic properties of Neural-ODEs, assisted and enhanced by additional cluster and consistency losses to perform Few-Shot Segmentation (FSS) of organs.

Antagonist Impact of Selenium-Based Nanoparticles Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

One of the cardinal causes of global deaths from a single-point infectious agent has been reported to be tuberculosis (or TB). At present times, the incidence of TB cases occurs mostly due to multi-drug resistance, which is expected to boost further in the upcoming times. Accordingly, the development of alternative treatment methodologies has received significant research interest.

Rodent Model Preclinical Assessment of PEGylated Block Copolymer Targeting Cognition and Oxidative Stress Insults of Alzheimer's Disease.

Misfolded peptide amyloid beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles of hyper-phosphorylated tau, oxidative damage to the brain, and neuroinflammation are distinguished determinants of Alzheimer's disease (AD) responsible for disease progression. This multifaceted neurodegenerative disease is challenging to cure under a single treatment regime until the key disease determinants are traced for their sequential occurrence in disease progression. In an early report, a novel side-chain tripeptide containing PEGylated block copolymer has been tested thoroughly in vitro and in silico for the early inhibition of Aβ aggregation as well as degradation of preformed Aβ fibril deposits.

Quercetin: a silent retarder of fatty acid oxidation in breast cancer metastasis through steering of mitochondrial CPT1.

Background: Recent evidence confirmed that the maximum energy in metastatic breast cancer progression is supplied by fatty acid oxidation (FAO) governed by a rate-limiting enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). Therefore, the active limitation of FAO could be an emerging aspect to inhibit breast cancer progression. Herein, for the first time, we have introduced quercetin (QT) from a non-dietary source (Mikania micrantha Kunth) to limit the FAO in triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) through an active targeting of CPT1.

Chlorogenic Acid Enriched Green Coffee Ameliorated Renal Injury in Rats.

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) during the treatment with gentamicin (GM) is very common in hospitalized patients. Green coffee bean, containing chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been reported to improve non communicable diseases. In the present study, CGA enriched fraction of green coffee bean was evaluated on GM induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Effect of Yarcha Gumba (O sinensis) on Male Reproductive System in Rat.

The present study was undertaken to assess the aphrodisiac effect of O sinensis. It was a pre-clinical experimental case-control study performed in the Department of Pharmacology, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India; from February 2019 to March 2019 using Wister rat model. One group of rats was given the test drug suspension (10mg/kg body weight) and the control group animals received the same volume of vehicle devoid of drug orally for 10 days.

Herbometallic nano-drug inducing metastatic growth inhibition in breast cancer through intracellular energy depletion.

Cancer cells need extensive energy supply for their uncontrolled cell division and metastasis which is exclusively dependent on neighboring cells, especially adipocytes. Herein, we have introduced a novel herbometallic nano-drug, Heerak Bhasma nanoparticle (HBNP) from natural resources showing high potential in the reduction of energy supply thereby promoting cell death in breast cancer cells. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectra (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectra (AAS), Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the physicochemical properties of HBNP.

Transdermal co-delivery of glucosamine sulfate and diacerein for the induction of chondroprotection in experimental osteoarthritis.

The aim of this work was to develop a transdermal delivery system consisting of a glucosamine sulfate-laden xanthan hydrogel containing a nanoemulsion-loaded diacerein. The system was intended to prevent cartilage degradation typical of osteoarthritis. The nanoemulsion, made of soybean oil as the oil phase; soybean lecithin, Tween 80, and poloxamer 407 as surfactants; and propylene glycol as cosurfactant, was formed within the hydrogel.

A rapid HPTLC method to estimate piperine in Ayurvedic formulations.

Background: Trikatu, Sitopaladi, Hingavastaka, Avipattikara, Sringyadi and Talisadya are very popular Ayurvedic (churna) medicines practiced in India; however, unfortunately, they possess several quality control issues.

Objective: The aim of this study was to find out a simple, accurate and sensitive HPTLC method for the detection and quantification of marker molecule, piperine (alkaloid) on these Ayurvedic formulations for standardization.

Materials And Methods: Methanolic extraction (reflux) was performed from the above six churnas as well as three single ingredients Piper longum (pipul), Piper nigrum (marich) and Piper chaba (chai).

Polypharmacy and comorbidity status in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital: An observational and questionnaire-based study.

Purpose/aim: Diabetes mellitus is associated with several comorbid conditions. Thus, often, diabetic patients are prescribed multiple drugs. Although multiple drugs help to combat various diseases, they also increase the propensity of drug interactions and adverse drug reactions.

Effect of Coelogyne cristata Lindley in alleviation of chronic fatigue syndrome in aged Wistar rats.

Background: Swarna Jibanti scientifically known as Coelogyne cristata Lindley (Orchidaceae), an orchid mentioned in Ayurvedic medicine is used to promote healthy life span.

Objective(s): The present work was planned to study the efficacy of hydro-alcoholic extract of pseudobulbs of C. cristata (CCE) to assess its role on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) induced behavioural and biochemical changes in aged Wistar rats compared to Panax ginseng (PG), a prototype anti-stress agent.

Accentuated transdermal application of glucosamine sulphate attenuates experimental osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease causing pain and disability. Glucosamine sulphate is a well known oral supplement for its treatment. The present pioneering study provides an overview of the accentuated transdermal delivery of glucosamine sulphate through the optimized gel formulation with guar gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC).

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Indian Sunderban mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza L. leave.

Background: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza L. (family Rhizophoraceae) is a true mangrove habitat in Indian Sunderban and traditionally uses for liver disorders.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective actions of leave extract of B.

Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of leaves (Indian sundarban mangrove): An and study.

Background: is a salt-tolerant true mangrove which is widely distributed in Indian mangrove forest and traditionally used to treat diabetes and other health ailments.

Aim: The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of Indian variety of leaves on glucose impairing metabolism during diabetes by and methods.

Materials And Methods: The ethanolic fraction of leaves extract (RHE) was assessed for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and anti-diabetic action through α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity assessment.

Detection of arecoline by simple high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method in Indian nontobacco pan masala.

Chewing the habit of blended pan masala containing areca nut with or without tobacco is a common practice in the Indian subcontinent. Arecoline, a pyridine alkaloid presence in areca nut alarmed for oral carcinogenesis and strictly prohibited in the western world. However, in India using blended pan masala is very popular among young and old individuals.

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities of LST-02, A Proprietary Herbal Formulation.

LST-02 is a proprietary polyherbal formulation prepared by blending 50% standardized hydroethanolic extract of ten well-known herbs, namely Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus amarus, Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, Azadirachta indica, Adhatoda vasica, Picrorrhiza kurroa, Swertia chirata and Boerhaavia diffusa. The formulation was evaluated for hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. The phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities were evaluated to ascertain antioxidant property.

Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of black tea in rodents.

Objectives: Systematic oral toxicity study for black tea (Camellia sinensis), the most commonly consumed variety of tea, is lacking. The present study was undertaken to assess the iron load on black tea (Camellia sinensis) and its safety aspects in animals.

Materials And Methods: The analysis of iron was done in six tea samples as per American Public Health Association method using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Antiradical and antidiabetic properties of standardized extract of Sunderban mangrove Rhizophora mucronata.

Background: Mangroves have the ability to grow where no other vascular plants survive. Rhizophora mucronata is a true mangrove and traditionally used to treat diabetes and its allied complications.

Objectives: In the present study, we standardized the 80% methanolic standardized extract of R.

Transcription factor cAMP response element modulator (Crem) restrains Pdgf-dependent proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in mice.

Transcription factors of the cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb)/cAMP response element modulator (Crem) family were linked to the switch from a contractile to a proliferating phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we analyzed the vascular function of Crem in mice with a global inactivation of Crem (Crem(-/-)). CRE-mediated transcriptional activity was enhanced in primary Crem(-/-) VSMCs under nonstimulated conditions and under stimulation with Forskolin and platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) whereas stimulation with nitric oxide or cGMP showed no effect.

Nardostachys jatamansi protects against cold restraint stress induced central monoaminergic and oxidative changes in rats.

Cold restraint stress (CRS) model exerts similar effect as physiological stress because it combines emotional stress (escape reaction) and physical stress (muscle work). It is well established that various responses to stress are regulated by sympathoadrenal system, brain monoaminergic systems and oxidative processes. Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) is known to possess soothing and sedative action on the central nervous system.

Effects of Indian herbal formulation Body Revival on human platelet aggregation and myocardial ischemia in rats.

Objective: To study the effect of Body Revival (BR), a compound traditional Indian herbal medicine, on human platelet aggregation and isoproterenol (IS)-induced myocardial ischemia (MI) damage in male Wistar rats.

Methods: BR suspension 10, 20 and 30 μg was mixed with platelet-rich plasma and incubated at 37 degrees centigrade for 30 min, respectively. Then, adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 20 mmol/L) or collagen (2 μg) was added in the mixture and the aggregation was observed against platelet-poor plasma mixed with equal volume of suspension of the same test samples.