The Effect of Interventional Pain Management on Treating Postherpetic Neuralgia.

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is identified to induce postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) which is difficult to cure. PHN-related pain brings patients not only physical discomfort but also mental depression and anxiety. Currently, the main purpose of PHN treatment is to reduce patients' pain.

Spinal CCL1/CCR8 regulates phosphorylation of GluA1-containing AMPA receptor in postoperative pain after tibial fracture and orthopedic surgery in mice.

Chronic postoperative pain might be a pivotal component hindering recovery and regains the function after bone fracture and orthopedic surgery. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. AMPA receptor of excitatory synapses is considered due to its critical role in pathologic pain.

TRPV1 channel contributes to remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking in dorsal root ganglion.

Background: Remifentanil is widely used in general anesthesia due to its reliability and rapid onset. However, remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia might be a challenge nowadays. Accumulating evidence suggests that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was involved in the development of neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia.

Spinal Protein Kinase Mζ Regulates α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Trafficking and Dendritic Spine Plasticity via Kalirin-7 in the Pathogenesis of Remifentanil-induced Postincisional Hyperalgesia in Rats.

Background: Intraoperative remifentanil anesthesia exaggerates postoperative pain sensitivity. Recent studies recapitulate the significance of protein kinase Mζ in α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated pathologic pain. Kalirin-7, a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, coordinates AMPA receptor trafficking and dendritic spine plasticity.

Intraperitoneal gardiquimod protects against hepatotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in mice with sepsis.

Many reports recapitulate the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-accumulation to the organ damage; it is of significance to strictly target ROS production. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of TLR7 agonist gardiquimod (GDQ) in oxidative stress (OS) in liver injury induced by sepsis. Here, we observed that intraperitoneal pretreatment with GDQ dramatically elevated the septic survival rate and effectively attenuated the septic liver injury.

PICK1 Regulates the Expression and Trafficking of AMPA Receptors in Remifentanil-Induced Hyperalgesia.

Background: Remifentanil is used widely in clinical anesthesia because it induces more rapid and more common hyperalgesia than other opioid analgesics. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors takes a pivotal part in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Like NMDA receptors, the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are excitatory ion glutamate receptors in postsynaptic membrane, which are involved in the transmission of both acute and chronic pain.