Evaluating tree-ring proxies for representing the ecosystem productivity in India.

Terrestrial ecosystems are one of the major sinks of atmospheric CO and play a key role in climate change mitigation. Forest ecosystems offset nearly 25% of the global annual CO emissions, and a large part of this is stored in the aboveground woody biomass. Several studies have focused on understanding the carbon sequestration processes in forest ecosystems and their response to climate change using the eddy covariance (EC) technique and remotely sensed vegetation indices.

Turning off a few overexpressed genes in prostate cancer with microRNAs using a 7mer-seed match model.

Purpose: This research aims to identify the miRNAs that could target the genes overexpressed in prostate cancer so that miRNA-based therapeutics could be developed.

Methods: A 7mer-m8 model of microRNA targeting was utilized in order to analyse the relationship between microRNAs and overexpressed genes. The efficiency of miRNA binding was investigated using various parameters namely free energy (AMFE), GC and GC3 content, translation efficiency, cosine similarity metric, mRNA stability, free energy of RNA duplex, and base compositional difference.

Methane sources from waste and natural gas sectors detected in Pune, India, by concentration and isotopic analysis.

Methane (CH) is a potent greenhouse gas and also plays a significant role in tropospheric chemistry. High-frequency (sub-hourly) measurements of CH and carbon isotopic ratio (δCH) have been conducted at Pune (18.53°N, 73.

A Study on microRNAs Targeting the Genes Overexpressed in Lung Cancer and their Codon Usage Patterns.

As reported by WHO in 2018, there were 2.09 million victims of lung cancer and 1.76 million fatalities worldwide.

Identification of promising CD8 and CD4 T cell epitopes for peptide vaccine formulation against SARS-CoV-2.

The novel virus "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)" has been responsible for the worldwide pandemic causing huge devastation and deaths since December 2019. The disease caused by this virus is known as COVID-19. The present study is based on immuno-informatics approach to develop a multi-epitope-loaded peptide vaccine to combat the COVID-19 menace.

Binding sites of miRNA on the overexpressed genes of oral cancer using 7mer-seed match.

The microRNAs having a length of ~ 19-22 nucleotides are the small, non-coding RNAs. The evolution of microRNAs in many disorders may hold the key to tackle complex challenges. Oral cancer belongs to the group of head and neck cancer.

Influencing elements of codon usage bias in Birnaviridae and its evolutionary analysis.

Birnaviridae is a family of double stranded (ds) RNA virus with non-enveloped virions and 2-segmented genomes. These viruses are known to cause diseases in many hosts. Virus of this family has affected the fish and poultry economy in a wide sector.

Identification of novel microRNAs in Rous sarcoma Virus (RSV) and their target sites in tumor suppressor genes of chicken.

A small non-coding, evolutionarily conserved regulatory RNA molecule known as microRNA (miRNA) regulates various cellular activities and pathways. MicroRNAs remain evolutionarily conserved in different species of same taxa. They are present in all organisms including viruses.

Compositional features and pattern of codon usage for mitochondrial CO genes among reptiles.

The phenomenon of non-random occurrence of synonymous nucleotide triplets (codons) in the coding sequences of genes is the codon usage bias (CUB). In this study, we used bioinformatic tool kit to analyze the compositional pattern and CUB of mitogenes namely COI, COII and COIII across different orders of reptiles. Estimation of overall base composition in the protein-coding sequences of COI, COII and COIII genes of the reptilian orders revealed an uneven usage of nucleotides.

WristPrint: Characterizing User Re-identification Risks from Wrist-worn Accelerometry Data.

Public release of wrist-worn motion sensor data is growing. They enable and accelerate research in developing new algorithms to passively track daily activities, resulting in improved health and wellness utilities of smartwatches and activity trackers. But, when combined with sensitive attribute inference attack and linkage attack via re-identification of the same user in multiple datasets, undisclosed sensitive attributes can be revealed to unintended organizations with potentially adverse consequences for unsuspecting data contributing users.

Identification of putative microRNAs in the complete genome of Mycobacterium avium and their possible interaction with human transcripts.

The grievous adversity regarding Mycobacterium avium is its ubiquitous nature. Isolation of the bacteria from drinking water, house dust, and soil, etc., is an alarming issue for the scientific community.

Analysis of codon usage bias in mitochondrial CO gene among platyhelminthes.

The phenomenon of non-uniform usage of the synonymous codons, where some codons are given more preference to others, is known as codon usage bias (CUB). CUB is known to be determined by two major evolutionary forces i.e.

Extreme rainfall deficits were not the cause of recurring colonial era famines of southern Indian semi-arid regions.

Using information contained in the eighteenth to twentieth century British administrative documents, preserved in the National Archives of India (NAI), we present a 218-year (1729-1947 AD) record of socioeconomic disruptions and human impacts (famines) associated with 'rain failures' that affected the semi-arid regions (SARs) of southern India. By mapping the southern Indian famine record onto long-term spatiotemporal measures of regional rainfall variability, we demonstrate that the SARs of southern India repeatedly experienced famines when annual rainfall reduced by ~ one standard deviation (1 SD), or more, from long-term averages. In other words, 'rain failures' listed in the colonial documents as causes of extreme socioeconomic disruptions, food shortages and human distress (famines) in the southern Indian SARs were fluctuations in precipitation well within the normal range of regional rainfall variability and not extreme rainfall deficits (≥ 3 SD).

Analysis of codon usage of Horseshoe Bat Hepatitis B virus and its host.

In the present analysis, codon usage strategies and base distribution of Horseshoe bat hepatitis B virus (HBHBV) were analyzed and compared with its host Rhinolophus sinicus, as no work was yet reported. The magnitude of synonymous codon usage bias (CUB) in the virus and its host was low with higher proportion of the base C. Notably, 21 more frequently used codons, 19 less frequently used codons and 3 underrepresented codons (TCG, ACG and GCG) were found to be similar in both virus and its host coding sequences.

Free energy of mRNA positively correlates with GC content in chloroplast transcriptomes of edible legumes.

In the present study, the results of nucleotide composition analysis showed that the legume chloroplast (cp) transcriptomes were AT rich. From the neutrality plot, we observed that natural selection might have played a major role, while mutation pressure played a minor role in the CUB of cp transcriptomes. Highly significant (p < 0.

Silencing lung cancer genes using miRNAs identified by 7mer-seed matching.

Lung cancer (LC) is the main cause of cancer-associated deaths in both men and women globally with a very high mortality rate. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs consisting of 18-25 nucleotides. They inhibit translation of protein through binding to complementary target mRNAs.

Diurnal and seasonal variability of CO and CH concentration in a semi-urban environment of western India.

Amongst all the anthropogenically produced greenhouse gases (GHGs), carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) are the most important, owing to their maximum contribution to the net radiative forcing of the Earth. India is undergoing rapid economic development, where fossil fuel emissions have increased drastically in the last three decades. Apart from the anthropogenic activities, the GHGs dynamics in India are governed by the biospheric process and monsoon circulation; however, these aspects are not well addressed yet.

Understanding the codon usage patterns of mitochondrial CO genes among Amphibians.

A universal phenomenon of using synonymous codons unequally in coding sequences known as codon usage bias (CUB) is observed in all forms of life. Mutation and natural selection drive CUB in many species but the relative role of evolutionary forces varies across species, genes and genomes. We studied the CUB in mitochondrial (mt) CO genes from three orders of Amphibia using bioinformatics approach as no work was reported yet.

Composition, codon usage pattern, protein properties, and influencing factors in the genomes of members of the family Anelloviridae.

The present study was carried out on 62 genome sequences of members of the family Anelloviridae, as there have been no reports of genome analysis of these DNA viruses using a bioinformatics approach. The genes were found to be rich in AC content with low codon usage bias (CUB). Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values identified the preferred codons for each amino acid in the family.

Genome-wide analysis of codon usage pattern in herpesviruses and its relation to evolution.

The preferential use of a specific codon, out of a group of synonymous codons encoding the same amino acid, in a gene transcript results from the bias in codon choice. Various evolutionary forces namely mutation pressure and natural selection influence the pattern of codon usage i.e.

Drug resistant Tuberculosis: A review.

Tuberculosis (TB) was announced as a global emergency in 1993. There was an alarming counter attack of TB worldwide. However, when it was known that TB can be cured completely, the general public became ignorant towards the infection.