A novel approach for safety assessment at unsignalized intersections: Integrating spatial metrics into postencroachment time analysis under heterogeneous traffic conditions.

Objective: Evaluating the safety risks at unsignalized intersections becomes increasingly complex amid conditions of dense traffic flow, a heterogeneous mix of vehicles, nonadherence to lane demarcations, and reactive driving techniques. Understanding driver behavior under such varying circumstances is crucial for accurately assessing the potential hazards present at these intersections. The study aims to assess the safety of unsignalized intersections by incorporating both spatial and temporal variables under heterogeneous conditions.

Anticipated buffer time - An evasive surrogate safety indicator for risk assessment of unsignalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic and aggressive driving conditions.

Risk assessment of unsignalized intersections is particularly challenging when confronted with a combination of factors such as heavy traffic, diverse vehicle types, lane indiscipline, aggressive driving, and evasive manoeuvres. Understanding how people drive in these situations is crucial for accurately assessing the risks at unsignalized intersections. This study introduces a novel surrogate safety indicator, i.

Spherical Cap Studs: A novel speed bump alternative to reduce discomfort with effective speed reduction.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the potential of Spherical Cap Studs (SCS) as a substitute for conventional speed bumps, with a focus on limiting two wheeler speed while minimizing discomfort to riders by comparing the speed reduction capabilities and discomfort levels associated with SCS and speed bumps.

Methods: The study uses experimental approach to compare the speed limiting ability and discomfort caused to rider by the proposed SCS and a standard speed bump. Speed profiles were developed for two wheelers passing over both SCS and speed bump.

Aluminium induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in root cells of Allium cepa L.

Aluminium (Al) was evaluated for induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage employing the growing roots of Allium cepa L. as the assay system. Intact roots of A.