[Neurological complications resulting of nitrous oxide intoxication].

Nitrous oxide (NO) intoxication is a common consequence of its inhalation with recreational purpose, which is prevalent among young people. The most severe result of such an entertainment is development of myelopolyneuropathy with polyneuropathy as the most common presentation, which may start acutely or subacutely. The underlying cause of neurological complications of NO intoxication is deficit of B vitamin, however its laboratory confirmation may be challenging.

A multiple session dataset of NIRS recordings from stroke patients controlling brain-computer interface.

This paper presents an open dataset of over 50 hours of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) recordings. Fifteen stroke patients completed a total of 237 motor imagery brain-computer interface (BCI) sessions. The BCI was controlled by imagined hand movements; visual feedback was presented based on the real-time data classification results.

Case report: A novel mutation associated with hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

Background: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoKPP) is a rare neuromuscular genetic disorder causing recurrent episodes of flaccid paralysis. Most cases are associated with mutation, causing defect of calcium channel and subsequent impairment of muscle functions. Due to defined management approaches early diagnosis is crucial for promptly treatment and prevention new attacks.

Sham-controlled randomized multicentre trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for prolonged disorders of consciousness.

Background And Purpose: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to improve signs of consciousness in a subset of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC). However, no multicentre study confirmed its efficacy when applied during rehabilitation. In this randomized controlled double-blind study, the effects of tDCS whilst patients were in rehabilitation were tested at the group level and according to their diagnosis and aetiology to better target DoC patients who might repond to tDCS.

[Long-term safety and efficacy of trospium chloride for the treatment of neurogenic overactive bladder due to Parkinson's disease is there an effect on cognitive status?].

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of trospium chloride (Spazmex) for the treatment of patients with neurogenic overactive bladder due to Parkinson's disease (PD) and to determine the influence of therapy on the cognitive status of patients.

Materials And Methods: 60 patients with PD and neurogenic overactive bladder with stages 2.5, 3 and 4 according to Hoehn-Yahr scale were included in the main group.

[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with an acute onset. Clinical case].

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a heterogeneous treatable dysimmune neuropathy. The variety of clinical forms and course of the disease can be challenging for proper diagnosis and early treatment. In a quarter of cases CIDP starts acutely, mimicking GuillainBarr syndrome.

Adding a Second iTBS Block in 15 or 60 Min Time Interval Does Not Increase iTBS Effects on Motor Cortex Excitability and the Responder Rates.

The use of metaplasticity-based intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) protocols including several stimulation blocks could be a possible approach to increasing stimulation effectiveness. Our aim was to investigate the neurophysiological effects of two protocols with a short and a long interval between blocks. Seventeen healthy volunteers received four protocols in a pseudorandomized order: (two blocks of active iTBS of primary motor cortex (M1) separated by 15 min and a control stimulation block of the vertex in 60 min from the first block); (active iTBS, a control block in 15 min, and an active block in 60 min); (active iTBS and two control blocks with the same intervals); and (three control blocks).

[Pharmacotherapy in post-stroke rehabilitation].

The article presents data on the conditions of use and efficacy of botulinum toxin preparations, oral muscle relaxants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and a glutamatergic transmission modulator in post-stroke neurorehabilitation, and provides recommendations for their rational and safe use. The clinical efficacy of Mexidol, which has a polymodal effect on a wide range of post-stroke disorders, especially in long-term sequential therapy, is discussed. A complex use of post-stroke rehabilitation methods with the determination of individual tactics based on the clinical picture of the patient and the defined rehabilitation goals is recommended.

[The use of vitamin B12 in cancer patients].

Based on the data of foreign and domestic literature, the question of the possible carcinogenesis of vitamin B and the expediency of its administration to patients with cancer who have neurological complications due to chemotherapy is analyzed. The absence of convincing direct evidence of the carcinogenic effect of cyanocobalamin has been demonstrated, as well as the reasonableness of drug correction of vitamin B deficiency in cancer patients in order to prevent the development of characteristic deficient neurological disorders. The question of the effectiveness of oral administration of cyanocobalamin at a dose of 1 mg per day is considered.

[Neurogenic overactive bladder: focus on cognitive function].

Background: An overactive bladder and cognitive impairment are two medical and social problems, which have an outmost importance, affecting the quality of life. Both disorders are common in the practice of a urologist, neurologist, internist, and other physicians. Parkinsons disease and multiple sclerosis are the most common neurological diseases, which often manifest by pelvic dysfunction and cognitive dysfunction.

Neuropoly: An Educational Board Game to Facilitate Neurology Learning.

: Neurology is arguably one of the most difficult subjects to teach and study in the medical curriculum. Educational games (EG) may be a valid option to enhance motivation in neurology residents. : We developed an educational board game (Neuropoly) to assist in teaching neurology.

[Validation of the Russian version of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance for assessment of patients with post-stroke paresis].

Objective: To perform linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance.

Materials And Methods: The study for assessment of psychometric properties included 53 post-stroke patients with neurological deficit presented by hemiparesis of different severity. The patients were assessed twice: at admission and after 14 days of treatment and rehabilitation procedures.

[Rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is a common cause of disability among young and middle-aged people. Despite the modern possibilities of diagnostics and therapy, over time, the disease acquires a secondary progressive character. Rehabilitation of patients at all stages of the disease plays an important role in improving well-being, improving the quality of life, adapting the patient and restoring motor skills.

Detecting the Potential for Consciousness in Unresponsive Patients Using the Perturbational Complexity Index.

The difficulties of behavioral evaluation of prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC) motivate the development of brain-based diagnostic approaches. The perturbational complexity index (PCI), which measures the complexity of electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), showed a remarkable sensitivity in detecting minimal signs of consciousness in previous studies. Here, we tested the reliability of PCI in an independently collected sample of 24 severely brain-injured patients, including 11 unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), 12 minimally conscious state (MCS) patients, and 1 emergence from MCS patient.

Brain Activations and Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated with Insight-Based and Analytical Anagram Solving.

Insight is one of the most mysterious problem-solving phenomena involving the sudden emergence of a solution, often preceded by long unproductive attempts to find it. This seemingly unexplainable generation of the answer, together with the role attributed to insight in the advancement of science, technology and culture, stimulate active research interest in discovering its neuronal underpinnings. The present study employs functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe and compare the brain activations occurring in the course of solving anagrams by insight or analytically, as judged by the subjects.

[Clinical and neurophysiological effects of dual-target high-frequency rTMS over the primary motor and prefrontal cortex in Parkinson's disease].

Objective: To evaluate therapeutic effects of navigational dual-target high-frequency rTMS over the primary motor (M1, bilateral) and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on clinical dynamics of Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms in a parallel placebo-controlled study.

Material And Methods: The study included 46 patients randomized into equal therapeutic and placebo rTMS groups. Navigational therapeutic and placebo10 Hz rTMS was applied over the M1 and DLPFC areas (20 daily sessions, for 3 weeks).

Combining HF rTMS over the Left DLPFC with Concurrent Cognitive Activity for the Offline Modulation of Working Memory in Healthy Volunteers: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

It has been proposed that the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a cognitive enhancement technique may be enhanced by combining the stimulation with concurrent cognitive activity. However, the benefits of such a combination in comparison to protocols without ongoing cognitive activity have not yet been studied. In the present study, we investigate the effects of fMRI-guided high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on working memory (WM) in healthy volunteers, using an n-back task with spatial and verbal stimuli and a spatial span task.

[Diagnostic and therapeutic issues of using transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with writer's cramp].

Aim: To assess diagnostic and therapeutic values of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients with writer's cramp (WC).

Material And Methods: Twelve right-handed patients with WC were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the premotor cortex of the hemisphere contralateral to the affected hand.

Feasibility of Non-Gaussian Diffusion Metrics in Chronic Disorders of Consciousness.

Diagnostic accuracy of different chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) can be affected by the false negative errors in up to 40% cases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of a non-Gaussian diffusion approach in chronic DOC and to estimate a sensitivity of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics for the differentiation of vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) from a healthy brain state. We acquired diffusion MRI data from 18 patients in chronic DOC (11 VS/UWS, 7 MCS) and 14 healthy controls.

Accuracy of Estimating the Area of Cortical Muscle Representations from TMS Mapping Data Using Voronoi Diagrams.

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) caused by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provide a possibility of noninvasively mapping cortical muscle representations for clinical and research purposes. The interpretation of such results is complicated by the high variability in MEPs and the lack of a standard optimal mapping protocol. Comparing protocols requires the determination of the accuracy of estimated representation parameters (such as the area), which is problematic without ground truth data.

Stimulation of the Angular Gyrus Improves the Level of Consciousness.

Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising tool for neuromodulation. In previous studies it has been shown that the activity of the default mode network (DMN) areas, particularly of its key region-the angular gyrus-is positively correlated with the level of consciousness. Our study aimed to explore the effect of rTMS of the angular gyrus as a new approach for disorders of consciousness (DOC) treatment; Methods: A 10-session 2-week high-frequency rTMS protocol was delivered over the left angular gyrus in 38 DOC patients with repeated neurobehavioral assessments obtained at baseline and in 2 days after the stimulation course was complete; Results: 20 Hz-rTMS over left angular gyrus improved the coma recovery scale revised (CRS-R) total score in minimally conscious state (MCS) patients.