Pharmacogenomic landscape of the Thai population from genome sequencing of 949 individuals.

Inter-individual variability in drug responses is significantly influenced by genetic factors, underscoring the importance of population-specific pharmacogenomic studies to optimize clinical outcomes. In this study, we analyzed whole genome sequencing data from 949 unrelated Thai individuals and conducted an in-depth analysis of 3239 genes involved in drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or immune-mediated adverse drug reactions. We identified 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 134 diplotypes, and 15 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, all with moderate to high clinical significance.

Association between the CYP2B6 polymorphisms and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nevirapine (NVP) and Efavirenz (EFV) can cause antiretroviral drug-induced liver injury (ARVDILI). The objectives of this study were to summarize and analyze existing data on pharmacogenomics associated with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors drug-induced liver injury using systematic review and meta-analysis. This study systematically searched the relevant studies regarding pharmacogenes related to ARVDILI from online databases.

Mitochondrial DNA content as a diagnostic marker for antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, an index of mitochondrial dysfunction, was associated with clinical parameters indicating anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI) in TB patients and could emerge as an ATDILI biomarker.

Methods: Leukocyte mtDNA content in 102 TB patients (49 ATDILI cases and 53 non-ATDILI cases) and 100 age-matched healthy controls was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Compared with healthy controls, both TB patients with and without ATDILI had significantly decreased mtDNA content.

The Association of and Genotypes and Hepatotoxicity in Thai People Living with HIV.

Glutathione s-transferase (GST) is a family of drug-metabolizing enzymes responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying drugs and xenobiotic substances. Therefore, deletion polymorphisms of s can be implicated in developing several pathological conditions, including antiretroviral drug-induced liver injury (ARVDILI). Notably, polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with ARVDILI risk.

, , and genetic polymorphisms and their associations with susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury in Thai tuberculosis patients.

Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI) is the common adverse reaction of antituberculosis drugs. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which are phase II metabolizing enzymes for detoxification, are recognized as potential mediators of hepatotoxicity. However, role of s polymorphisms in ATDILI pathogenesis has never been observed in Thais.

Association of HLA genotypes with phenytoin induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Thai children.

Purpose: Phenytoin (PHT) is a common causative drug for severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) in children. SCARs, including drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are associated with a variation in HLA genotypes. Blood screening for specific HLA allele before PHT prescription would help in the reduction of the incidence of PHT induced SCARs.

Leukocyte telomere length as a diagnostic biomarker for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury.

Despite being relatively rare, anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI) is a leading cause of acute liver failure and a major reason for treatment discontinuation, because of no specific and selective markers for ATDILI. Herein, this study aimed to investigate whether telomere length, a biological indicator of age-related diseases, is associated with ATDILI outcomes and could serve as an early ATDILI biomarker. Relative telomere length (RTL) in blood leukocyte of 100 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, 49 tuberculosis patients with ATDILI, and 53 tuberculosis patients with non-ATDILI was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Genomewide Association Study Confirming the Association of with Susceptibility to Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Thai Patients.

Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI) is a common side effect leading to tuberculosis (TB) treatment disruption. The mechanism of the disease remains poorly understood. We conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS) to investigate all possible genetic factors of ATDILI in Thai patients.

Association of HLA genotypes with Beta-lactam antibiotic hypersensitivity in children.

Background: Beta-lactam (BL) antibiotics hypersensitivity is common in children. Clinical manifestation of BL hypersensitivity varies from mild to severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs).

Objective: To determine the association of HLA genotype and BL hypersensitivity and the prevalence of true drug allergy in patients with history of BL hypersensitivity.

NAT2 ultra-slow acetylator and risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a genotype-based meta-analysis.

Background: NAT2 slow acetylator is a confirmed risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI). However, NAT2 ultra-slow acetylators, a new refinement among NAT2 slow acetylators, have been recently proposed. The patients with NAT2 genotypes of *6A/*6A, *6A/*7B and *7B/*7B are referred to in this group.

Association analysis of CYP2C9*3 and phenytoin-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) in Thai epilepsy children.

CYP2C9 is the key enzyme in aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) metabolism. CYP2C9*3 is a loss of function polymorphism. This study was designed to investigate genetic association between CYP2C9*3 and aromatic AED-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) in Thai children.