Effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with intermittent sigh breaths on carbon dioxide levels in neonates.

Background: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) minimizes ventilator-induced lung injuries. Spontaneous sigh breathing may augment the functional residual capacity, increase lung compliance, and recruit atelectatic alveoli.

Purpose: To evaluate the difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in neonates receiving invasive HFOV as the primary mode of respiratory support before versus after sigh breaths (Sighs).

Predictors of high maintenance prostaglandin E1 doses in neonates with critical congenital heart disease-ductal-dependent pulmonary circulation during preoperative care.

Background: Neonates with critical congenital heart disease of the ductal-dependent pulmonary circulation type (CCHD-DDPC) require prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to maintain oxygen saturation until surgery. However, the factors contributing to the maintenance doses of PGE1 remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the predictors of high maintenance PGE1 doses in these neonates.

Incidence and risk factors of transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THOP) is characterized by low thyroxine (T4) levels with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This study aimed to determine the incidence and factors associated with THOP.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included neonates who were born before 37 weeks of gestation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between April 2017 and December 2020.

Risk factors of transient tachypnea of the newborn developing into pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a case-control study.

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is the consequence of delayed resorption of lung fluid. When TTN develops, the infant may develop severe hypoxemia and progress to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).

Objectives: To examine factors associated with the development of PPHN in TTN infants.

Reintubation Rate between Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation versus Synchronized Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation in Neonates: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) and synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (sNIPPV) were the new modes of noninvasive ventilation. This study's aim was to clarify as to which of the nHFOV and sNIPPV modes was superior in preventing postextubation failure or reintubation in neonates.

Study Design: An open-label parallel randomized study was performed.

Carbon Dioxide Level between Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation and Synchronized Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation after Extubation in Neonates: A Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) and synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (sNIPPV) yield a lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO) after extubation than nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Our aim was to clarify which of the two was superior.

Study Design: We performed a crossover randomized study to evaluate pCO level among 102 participants from July 2020 to June 2022.

Risk Factors for Mortality or Major Morbidities of Very Preterm Infants: A Study from Thailand.

Objective: Very preterm neonates have high rates of composite outcomes featuring mortality and major morbidities. If the modifiable risk factors could be identified, perhaps the rates could be decreased especially in resource-limited settings.

Study Design: We performed a prospective study in a Thai neonatal intensive care unit to identify the risk factors of composite outcomes between 2014 and 2021.

Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality in Neonates With Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii Sepsis.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) sepsis is becoming an extreme threat caused by high-case fatality rates and poor prevention and control in ICUs worldwide. However, the risk of mortality among neonatal CRAB sepsis is still unclear.

Methods: A retrospective medical records review study, which aimed to identify the risk factors of mortality in neonates with CRAB sepsis (including both bacteremia and/or meningitis) in Thailand from 1996 to 2019.

Incidence, risk and risk factors for acute kidney injury associated with the use of intravenous indomethacin in neonatal patent ductus arteriosus: A 16-year retrospective cohort study.

Background: Intravenous indomethacin has been used in infants for many years as the pharmacological closure of ductus arteriosus, but the incidence, risk, and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) among infants treated with indomethacin, were still scarce.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, risk, and risk factors of AKI among infants treated with indomethacin (exposed group) for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure compared with the matched non-exposed infants.

Methods: A matched retrospective cohort study of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Songklanagarind Hospital from January 2003 to December 2018 was performed.

Correlation and prediction of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide from venous umbilical blood gases.

Background: Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO < sub > 2 < /sub > ) samples are lower in children and higher in fetuses when compared with venous samples. The correlation and prediction of pCO < sub > 2 < /sub > from umbilical venous (UVBG) to umbilical arterial blood gas (UABG) dyad in neonates are identified.

Methods: A prospective study was performed from July 2018 to December 2019.

Ventilator-Free Days in Neonatal Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the ventilator-free days (VFDs) at day 28 and the short-term outcomes in neonates with and without ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP and non-VAP groups).

Study Design: We performed a cohort study in a Thai neonatal intensive care unit between 2014 and 2020 to identify the VFDs in VAP and non-VAP neonates. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Correlation and Prediction of Oxygen Index from Oxygen Saturation Index in Neonates with Acute Respiratory Failure.

Objective: The aim of this article was to evaluate the correlation between the oxygen index (OI) and the oxygen saturation index (OSI, measured by pulse oximetry and noninvasively) in neonates with acute respiratory failure and to predict the OI from the OSI.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in neonates requiring invasive mechanical ventilation who had arterial blood gas between 2018 and 2019 at a neonatal intensive care unit. The correlation between OI and OSI was analyzed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A 13-Year Experience in Southern Thailand.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical features of NLE and to compare the neonatal outcomes between newborns born to pregnant women with SLE and healthy pregnant women.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis between 2007 and 2019 in a tertiary referral hospital in Thailand. A total of 118 pregnant women with SLE with 132 neonates compared with 264 randomly selected healthy pregnant women.

Neonatal multidrug-resistant bacterial meningitis: a 29-year study from a tertiary hospital in Thailand.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the risks and case fatality rate (CFR) between neonatal multidrug-resistant (MDR) and non-MDR meningitis.

Methodology: a secondary analysis of a case-control studies in a Thai neonatal intensive care unit between 1990 and 2018 was performed. The pathogenic organisms causing neonatal meningitis were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp.

Risk Factors Associated With 30-Day Mortality Among Neonates With A. baumannii Sepsis.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis constitutes an extreme threat with a poor prognosis and is a difficult infection to control, especially in Asia. Moreover, a knowledge gap in the risk of mortality in neonatal A. baumannii sepsis still exists.

Intervention to reduce carbapenem-resistant in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: To investigate the effects of environmental cleaning and the installation of heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) to reduce neonatal carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) sepsis and colonization as well as antimicrobial use.

Design: We conducted a 7-year, quasi-experimental study.

Setting And Patients: All neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli sepsis from a neonatal intensive care unit: a case-case-control study.

Introduction: To identify the risks and outcomes for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDRGNB) sepsis in neonates.

Methodology: This was a retrospective case-case-control study between 1991 and 2016. The control group was selected from the same source records of all neonates with clinical or suspected sepsis but not culture-proven.

Clinical presentation and outcome in congenital pulmonary malformation: 25 year retrospective study in Thailand.

Background: Congenital pulmonary malformations (CPM) are a group of rare abnormal lung development lesions that can have various presentations. The aim of this study was to define the differences in the clinical presentations of CPM in neonates, infants, and children, and to review the outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in southern Thailand between 1992 and 2016.

Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality in Neonatal Gram-Negative Bacilli Sepsis.

Objective: Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) have emerged globally as a serious threat and with a high case fatality rate (CFR).

Study Design: We performed a case-control study in a Thai neonatal intensive care unit to identify the risk factors for 30-day CFR of GNB sepsis between 1991 and 2017. The CFR was analyzed by Cox's proportional hazards model.

Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Following Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Objective: To evaluate the association between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion leading to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) within 48 h, known as transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis (TANEC).

Methods: A nested case-control study using historical data was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand. All very low birth weight (VLBW) infants delivered between November 2009 and July 2016 were enrolled.

Comparison of Endotracheal Reintubation between Nasal High-Frequency Oscillation and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Neonates.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the endotracheal reintubation between nasal high-frequency oscillation (nHFO) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) with face mask groups who were followed up for up to 7 days.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study of extubated neonates admitted between 2013 and 2017. We used a Cox's proportional hazards model to adjust for significant between-group differences in baseline characteristics.

Effect of bosentan therapy in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Background: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) contributes to neonatal hypoxemia and is associated with a high mortality. Some PPHN patients are unresponsive to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Bosentan, an oral endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and hence may play a role in the treatment of PPHN.