Study on the Synergistic Effect of SiO and HO on Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Mn-NaWO/SiO Catalyst.

Mn-NaWO-based catalysts with different supports were prepared using the incipient wetness impregnation method and evaluated for their oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction performance. The results demonstrated that the SiO- supported catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance, and the introduction of HO further enhanced its activity. Under the conditions of a feed gas mixture of CH/O/HO = 6:1:24 at 800 °C and atmospheric pressure, the CH conversion and C selectivity over the Mn-NaWO/SiO catalyst increased from 28.

Preparation of Mesophase Pitch through Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Coal Tar Pitch.

This paper explores the preparation of mesophase pitch by employing supercritical fluid extraction on coal tar pitch sourced from a coal chemical company. The raw material undergoes pretreatment using various extraction solvents, and the resulting refined components are thermally polycondensed in a laboratory microreactor to create mesophase pitch. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the mesophase pitch's structure are conducted through polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and other analytical methods to identify an optimal supercritical fluid extraction pretreatment solvent for coal tar pitch.

Analysis of the Contribution of Petroleum Acid Components to the Viscosity of Heavy Oils with High TAN.

The viscosity of heavy oil hinders its cold production, posing a major challenge to its exploitation. The high viscosity of heavy oil can be attributed to the content of asphaltene. However, during the collection of heavy oil samples from various regions in China, we observed that heavy oils with high total acid number (TAN) but low asphaltene content also exhibit relatively high viscosity.

Ionization selectivity of electrospray and atmospheric pressure photoionization FT-ICR MS for petroleum refinery wastewater dissolved organic matter.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in petroleum refinery wastewater is an extremely complex mixture. A better understanding of chemical compositions of DOM at the molecular level is necessary for the design and optimization of wastewater treatment processes. In this study, two largely different DOM samples, one from a petroleum refinery wastewater and the other from the Suwannee river water, were characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with positive-/negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI), and positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI).

Specification of the nitrogen functional group in a hydrotreated petroleum molecule using hydrogen/deuterium exchange electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Hydrotreatment is extensively used for the production of clean fuel. Attaining an understanding of the structural conversion of the nitrogen species during hydrotreatment is very challenging due to the compositional complexity and the absence of a proper characterization method. In the presented work, we coupled hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) with positive-ion electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry ((+) ESI HR MS) to investigate the difference between the composition of the nitrogen-containing species and the functional groups before and after hydrotreatment.

Carbon quantum dots derived by direct carbonization of carbonaceous microcrystals in mesophase pitch.

Aggregation of the central aromatic ring system of asphaltene molecules due to π-π interaction can lead to the formation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). However, to date, such a roadmap has not been demonstrated. Here, we present a simple approach to the synthesis of CQDs by direct carbonization of dispersed carbonaceous microcrystals in mesophase pitch.

Molecular Characterization of Thiols in Fossil Fuels by Michael Addition Reaction Derivatization and Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry.

Thiols widely occur in sediments and fossil fuels. However, the molecular composition of these compounds is unclear due to the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In this work, a characterization method for thiols in fossil fuels was developed on the basis of Michael addition reaction derivatization followed by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS).

Approach for selective separation of thiophenic and sulfidic sulfur compounds from petroleum by methylation/demethylation.

Detailed characterization of petroleum derived sulfur compounds has been challenging, due to the complex composition of the hydrocarbon matrix. A novel method was developed for selective separation of thiophenic and sulfidic compounds from petroleum. Sulfur compounds were methylated to sulfonium salts by AgBF4 and CH3I, then the polar salts were separated by precipitation from petroleum matrix.

Observation of CO2 and solvent adduct ions during negative mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric analysis of monohydric alcohols.

Rationale: Monohydric alcohols are common in natural products, bio-oils, and medicine. We have found that monohydric alcohols can form O3 (ions containing three oxygen atoms) and O4 adduct ions in negative electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), which would significantly affect the composition analysis of alcohols, especially in a complex mixture. It is necessary to study the reaction pathways and the method to eliminate or reduce the 'artifact' adducts.

Analysis of saturated hydrocarbons by redox reaction with negative-ion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

A novel technique was developed for characterization of saturated hydrocarbons. Linear alkanes were selectively oxidized to ketones by ruthenium ion catalyzed oxidation (RICO). Branched and cyclic alkanes were oxidized to alcohols and ketones.

Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water using petroleum coke-derived porous carbon.

Porous carbons were prepared from petroleum coke by KOH chemical activation, characterized and used as adsorbents for uptaking a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene from aqueous solutions. The specific surface area (SSA) of these carbons ranges from 562 to 1904 m2/g, while their point of zero charge (pH(PZC)) varies from 2.6 to 8.

Characterization of sulfide compounds in petroleum: selective oxidation followed by positive-ion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

A novel analytical method for identifying sulfides in petroleum and its fractions was developed. Sulfides in petroleum were selectively oxidized into sulfoxides using tetrabutylammonium periodate (TBAPI) and identified by positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). A variety of model sulfur compounds were examined to evaluate the selective oxidization and ionization efficiencies for sulfur compounds in petroleum.

[Analysis of composition and structure of sulfur compounds in residual oils by pyrolysis-gas chromatography].

Flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography has been used to investigate macromolecular sulphur in heavy oil. The influences of pyrolysis time and pyrolysis temperature have been studied and the analytical methods of pyrolysis were set up. Sulfur-containing products were identified by comparing with reference data and semi-quantified by a pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD).