Massive increases in C31 alkane on Zygophyllum xanthoxylum leaves contribute to its excellent abiotic stress tolerance.

Background And Aims: Desert plants possess excellent water-conservation capacities to survive in extreme environments. Cuticular wax plays a pivotal role in reducing water loss through plant aerial surfaces. However, the role of cuticular wax in water retention by desert plants is poorly understood.

The alleviation of ammonium toxicity in plants.

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants and profoundly affects crop yields and qualities. Ammonium (NH ) and nitrate (NO ) are major inorganic N forms absorbed by plants from the surrounding environments. Intriguingly, NH is usually toxic to plants when it serves as the sole or dominant N source.

Physiological and transcriptomic analyses provide insight into thermotolerance in desert plant Zygophyllum xanthoxylum.

Background: Heat stress has adverse effects on the growth and reproduction of plants. Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, a typical xerophyte, is a dominant species in the desert where summer temperatures are around 40 °C. However, the mechanism underlying the thermotolerance of Z.

The mechanistic basis of sodium exclusion in Puccinellia tenuiflora under conditions of salinity and potassium deprivation.

Soil salinity is a significant threat to global agriculture. Understanding salt exclusion mechanisms in halophyte species may be instrumental in improving salt tolerance in crops. Puccinellia tenuiflora is a typical salt-excluding halophytic grass often found in potassium-deprived saline soils.

SAUR15 interaction with BRI1 activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase to promote organ development of Arabidopsis.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important group of plant steroid hormones that regulate growth and development. Several members of the SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) family have roles in BR-regulated hypocotyl elongation and root growth. However, the mechanisms are unclear.

Overexpression of the Aquaporin, , Promotes Plant Growth and Stress Tolerance.

Drought and salinity can result in cell dehydration and water unbalance in plants, which seriously diminish plant growth and development. Cellular water homeostasis maintained by aquaporin is one of the important strategies for plants to cope with these two stresses. In this study, a stress-induced aquaporin, ZxPIP1;3, belonging to the PIP1 subgroup, was identified from the succulent xerophyte .

Kinase SnRK1.1 regulates nitrate channel SLAH3 engaged in nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity.

Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are major inorganic nitrogen (N) supplies for plants, but NH4+ as the sole or dominant N source causes growth inhibition in many plants, known as ammonium toxicity. Small amounts of NO3- can significantly mitigate ammonium toxicity, and the anion channel SLAC1 homolog 3 (SLAH3) is involved in this process, but the mechanistic detail of how SLAH3 regulates nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified SnRK1.

ZxNHX1 indirectly participates in controlling K homeostasis in the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum.

The succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum (Bunge) Engl. can absorb Na+ from the soil as an osmoticum in order to resist osmotic stress. The tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter ZxNHX1 is essential for maintaining the salt-accumulation characteristics of Z.

SAUR15 Promotes Lateral and Adventitious Root Development via Activating H-ATPases and Auxin Biosynthesis.

s (s) comprise the largest family of early auxin response genes. Some SAURs have been reported to play important roles in plant growth and development, but their functional relationships with auxin signaling remain unestablished. Here, we report Arabidopsis () acts downstream of the auxin response factors ARF6,8 and ARF7,19 to regulate auxin signaling-mediated lateral root (LR) and adventitious root (AR) formation.

Chloride is beneficial for growth of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum by enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity under salt and drought stresses.

Chloride (Cl-) is pervasive in saline soils, and research on its influence on plants has mainly focused on its role as an essential nutrient and its toxicity when excessive accumulation occurs. However, the possible functions of Cl- in plants adapting to abiotic stresses have not been well documented. Previous studies have shown that the salt tolerance of the xerophytic species Pugionium cornutum might be related to high Cl- accumulation.

Sodium chloride facilitates the secretohalophyte Atriplex canescens adaptation to drought stress.

Atriplex canescens is a C shrub with excellent adaptation to saline and arid environments. Our previous study showed that the secretion of excessive Na into leaf salt bladders is a primary strategy in salt tolerance of A. canescens and external 100 mM NaCl can substantially stimulate its growth.

Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Salt Tolerance of the Xerophyte .

The xerophyte adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl) for osmotic adjustment and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the associated molecular basis remains unclear.

Identification of candidate genes related to salt tolerance of the secretohalophyte Atriplex canescens by transcriptomic analysis.

Background: Atriplex canescens is a typical C secretohalophyte with salt bladders on the leaves. Accumulating excessive Na in tissues and salt bladders, maintaining intracellular K homeostasis and increasing leaf organic solutes are crucial for A. canescens survival in harsh saline environments, and enhanced photosynthetic activity and water balance promote its adaptation to salt.

Cloning and functional characterization of epidermis-specific promoter MtML1 from Medicago truncatula.

Epidermis-specific promoters are necessary for ectopic expression of specific functional genes such as the cuticle-related genes. Previous studies indicated that both ECERIFERUM 6 (AtCER6) and MERISTEM L1 LAYER (ATML1) promoters from Arabidopsis thaliana can drive gene expression specifically in the epidermis of shoot apical meristems (SAMs) and leaves. However, the epidermis-specific promoters from legume plants have not been reported.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals unique genetic adaptations conferring salt tolerance in a xerohalophyte.

Most studies on salt tolerance in plants have been conducted using glycophytes like Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., with limited resistance to salinity.

The Effect of AtHKT1;1 or AtSOS1 Mutation on the Expressions of Na⁺ or K⁺ Transporter Genes and Ion Homeostasis in under Salt Stress.

HKT1 and SOS1 are two key Na⁺ transporters that modulate salt tolerance in plants. Although much is known about the respective functions of HKT1 and SOS1 under salt conditions, few studies have examined the effects of and mutations on the expression of other important Na⁺ and K⁺ transporter genes. This study investigated the physiological parameters and expression profiles of , , , , , , and in wild-type (WT) and and mutants of under 25 mM NaCl.

Transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory framework for salt and osmotic tolerance in a succulent xerophyte.

Background: Zygophyllum xanthoxylum is a succulent xerophyte with remarkable tolerance to diverse abiotic stresses. Previous studies have revealed important physiological mechanisms and identified functional genes associated with stress tolerance. However, knowledge of the regulatory genes conferring stress tolerance in this species is poorly understood.

Sodium-Related Adaptations to Drought: New Insights From the Xerophyte Plant .

Understanding the unusual physiological mechanisms that enable drought tolerance in xerophytes will be of considerable benefit because of the potential to identify novel and key genetic elements for future crop improvements. These plants are interesting because they are well-adapted for life in arid zones; , for example, is a typical xerophytic shrub that inhabits central Asian deserts, accumulating substantial levels of sodium (Na) in its succulent leaves while growing in soils that contain very low levels of this ion. The physiological importance of this unusual trait to drought adaptations remains poorly understood, however.

Nitrate transporter NPF7.3/NRT1.5 plays an essential role in regulating phosphate deficiency responses in Arabidopsis.

AtNPF7.3/AtNRT1.5, which is a nitrate transporter that drives root-to-shoot transport of NO, is also involved in modulating the response to K deprivation in Arabidopsis by affecting root development and K transport.

The synergistic effects of sodium and potassium on the xerophyte Apocynum venetum in response to drought stress.

Apocynum venetum is an eco-economic plant species with high adaptability to saline and arid environments. Our previous work has found that A. venetum could absorb large amount of Na and maintain high K level under saline conditions.

Revisiting the Role of Plant Transcription Factors in the Battle against Abiotic Stress.

Owing to diverse abiotic stresses and global climate deterioration, the agricultural production worldwide is suffering serious losses. Breeding stress-resilient crops with higher quality and yield against multiple environmental stresses via application of transgenic technologies is currently the most promising approach. Deciphering molecular principles and mining stress-associate genes that govern plant responses against abiotic stresses is one of the prerequisites to develop stress-resistant crop varieties.

SOS1, HKT1;5, and NHX1 Synergistically Modulate Na Homeostasis in the Halophytic Grass .

is a typical salt-excluding halophytic grass with excellent salt tolerance. Plasma membrane Na/H transporter SOS1, HKT-type protein and tonoplast Na/H antiporter NHX1 are key Na transporters involved in plant salt tolerance. Based on our previous research, we had proposed a function model for these transporters in Na homeostasis according to the expression of and Na, K levels in responding to salt stress.

ZxAKT1 is essential for K uptake and K /Na homeostasis in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum.

The inward-rectifying K channel AKT1 constitutes an important pathway for K acquisition in plant roots. In glycophytes, excessive accumulation of Na is accompanied by K deficiency under salt stress. However, in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, which exhibits excellent adaptability to adverse environments, K concentration remains at a relatively constant level despite increased levels of Na under salinity and drought conditions.