A systematic review of deep learning-based denoising for low-dose computed tomography from a perceptual quality perspective.

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans are essential in reducing radiation exposure but often suffer from significant image noise that can impair diagnostic accuracy. While deep learning approaches have enhanced LDCT denoising capabilities, the predominant reliance on objective metrics like PSNR and SSIM has resulted in over-smoothed images that lack critical detail. This paper explores advanced deep learning methods tailored specifically to improve perceptual quality in LDCT images, focusing on generating diagnostic-quality images preferred in clinical practice.

Acquisition of a single grid-based phase-contrast X-ray image using instantaneous frequency and noise filtering.

Background: To obtain phase-contrast X-ray images, single-grid imaging systems are effective, but Moire artifacts remain a significant issue. The solution for removing Moire artifacts from an image is grid rotation, which can distinguish between these artifacts and sample information within the Fourier space. However, the mechanical movement of grid rotation is slower than the real-time change in Moire artifacts.

Physiological response of tomato plant to chitosan-immobilized aggregated CBMB20 inoculation under salinity stress.

The use of plant growth promoting bacteria as bioinoculant to alleviate salt stress is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach in agriculture. However, the maintenance of the bacterial population in the soil for longer period is a major concern. In the present study, chitosan-immobilized aggregated CBMB20 was used as a bioinoculant to improve tomato plant ( Mill.

Changes in Structural and Functional Responses of Bacterial Communities under Different Levels of Long-Term Compost Application in Paddy Soils.

Soils amended for long-term with high levels of compost demonstrated greater abundance of bacterial members of the phylum Bacteroidetes whereas a decreasing trend in the relative abundance of phylum Acidobacteria was noted with increasing levels of compost. Metabolic profiles predicted by PICRUSt demonstrated differences in functional responses of the bacterial community according to the treatments. Soils amended with lower compost levels were characterized by abundance of genes encoding enzymes contributing to membrane transport and cell growth whereas genes encoding enzymes related to protein folding and transcription were enriched in soils amended with high levels of compost.

The unrealized potential: cohort effects and age-period-cohort analysis.

This study aims to provide a systematical introduction of age-period-cohort (APC) analysis to South Korean readers who are unfamiliar with this method (we provide an extended version of this study in Korean). As health data in South Korea has substantially accumulated, population-level studies that explore long-term trends of health status and health inequalities and identify macrosocial determinants of the trends are needed. Analyzing long-term trends requires to discern independent effects of age, period, and cohort using APC analysis.

A case of lymphangioleiomyomatosis originated in the pelvic cavity.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease that is characterized by proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle-like cells, especially that which occurs in the pulmonary parenchyme. It primarily affects women of child-bearing age. The majority of primary lymphangioleiomyomatosis occurs in the lung, but there are a few reports of extrapulmonary cases.

Deregulation of catalase, not MnSOD, is associated with necrotic death of p53-defective DF-1 cells under antimycin A-induced oxidative stress.

One of distinct genetic alterations in spontaneously immortalized DF-1 cells was found to be dysfunction of p53 and E2F-1 as well as altered antioxidant gene expression (upregulation of MnSOD and downregulation of catalase). We have characterized the cellular responses of primary and immortal DF-1 cells to oxidative stress and found that DF-1 cells were more sensitive to oxidative stress than their primary counterparts when treated with antimycin A. The increased DF-1 cell death by oxidative stress was accompanied by an increase in the levels of intracellular superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide.