Ferromagnetic Nickel as a Sustainable Reducing Agent for Tin-Lead Mixed Perovskite in Single-Junction and Tandem Solar Cells.

Narrow-bandgap (NBG) Sn-Pb mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a promising solution for surpassing the radiative efficiency of single-junction solar cells. The unique bandgap tunability of halide perovskites enables optimal tandem configurations of wide-bandgap (WBG) and NBG subcells. However, these devices are limited by the susceptibility of Sn in the NBG bottom cell to being oxidized to Sn, creating detrimental Sn vacancies.

Origin of competing charge density waves in kagome metal ScVSn.

Understanding competing charge density wave (CDW) orders in the bilayer kagome metal ScVSn remains challenging. Experimentally, upon cooling, short-range order with wave vector forms, which is subsequently suppressed by the condensation of long-range CDW order at lower temperature. Theoretically, however, the q CDW is predicted as the ground state, leaving the CDW mechanism elusive.

Generative Adversarial Network with Robust Discriminator Through Multi-Task Learning for Low-Dose CT Denoising.

Reducing the dose of radiation in computed tomography (CT) is vital to decreasing secondary cancer risk. However, the use of low-dose CT (LDCT) images is accompanied by increased noise that can negatively impact diagnoses. Although numerous deep learning algorithms have been developed for LDCT denoising, several challenges persist, including the visual incongruence experienced by radiologists, unsatisfactory performances across various metrics, and insufficient exploration of the networks' robustness in other CT domains.

Effects of Intra-Articular Triamcinolone Injection on Adhesive Capsulitis after Breast Cancer Surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of intra-articular glenohumeral joint triamcinolone injection in treating secondary adhesive capsulitis after breast cancer surgery.

Methods: This study prospectively enrolled 37 participants, including 22 in the breast cancer surgery group and 15 in the idiopathic group. All participants received intra-articular glenohumeral joint triamcinolone injection in the affected shoulder joint.

Size-inclusive advertising in the Asian fashion market: Female consumers' responses to a plus-size vs. Thin-size model in South Korea.

Global fashion brands have embraced size-inclusive advertising featuring plus-size models, yet the responses of Asian consumers to such advertising-where the average body size of women is smaller than in Western markets-have garnered little attention. This study, utilizing the S-O-R model, aimed to investigate whether the relationships among perceived actual and ideal self-congruence, perceived attractiveness and familiarity of a fashion model, and purchase intention vary based on the body size of the fashion model. We tested the hypothesized relationships using ANCOVA, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-group structural equation modeling, analyzing 623 online survey responses from South Korean female consumers.

The Effect of Psychological Resilience on Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

Background: Chronic stress is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to assess whether better coping with stress, as assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), is associated with slower cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This study used 2018/2019 data and 2-year follow-up data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

PAGE: Prototype-Based Model-Level Explanations for Graph Neural Networks.

Aside from graph neural networks (GNNs) attracting significant attention as a powerful framework revolutionizing graph representation learning, there has been an increasing demand for explaining GNN models. Although various explanation methods for GNNs have been developed, most studies have focused on instance-level explanations, which produce explanations tailored to a given graph instance. In our study, we propose Prototype-bAsed GNN-Explainer ([Formula: see text]), a novel model-level GNN explanation method that explains what the underlying GNN model has learned for graph classification by discovering human-interpretable prototype graphs.

Zero-shot test time adaptation via knowledge distillation for personalized speech denoising and dereverberation.

A personalization framework to adapt compact models to test time environments and improve their speech enhancement (SE) performance in noisy and reverberant conditions is proposed. The use-cases are when the end-user device encounters only one or a few speakers and noise types that tend to reoccur in the specific acoustic environment. Hence, a small personalized model that is sufficient to handle this focused subset of the original universal SE problem is postulated.

Development of TiO-CaCO Based Composites as an Affordable Building Material for the Photocatalytic Abatement of Hazardous NO from the Environment.

This study explores the depollution activity of a photocatalytic cementitious composite comprising various compositions of n-TiO and CaCO. The photocatalytic activity of the CaCO-TiO composite material is assessed for the aqueous photodegradation efficiency of MB dye solution and NO under UV light exposure. The catalyst CaCO-TiO exhibits the importance of an optimal balance between CaCO and n-TiO for the highest NO removal of 60% and MB dye removal of 74.

Amplifying the dielectric constant of shellac by incorporating natural clays for organic field effect transistors (OFETs).

We demonstrate in this work the practical use of uniform mixtures of a bioresin shellac and four natural clays, i.e. montmorillonite, sepiolite, halloysite and vermiculate as dielectrics in organic field effect transistors (OFETs).

Microscopic theory of colour in lutetium hydride.

Nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride has recently been proposed as a near-ambient-conditions superconductor. Interestingly, the sample transforms from blue to pink to red as a function of pressure, but only the pink phase is claimed to be superconducting. Subsequent experimental studies have failed to reproduce the superconductivity, but have observed pressure-driven colour changes including blue, pink, red, violet, and orange.

Utilization of 2D materials in aqueous zinc ion batteries for safe energy storage devices.

Aqueous rechargeable battery has been an intense topic of research recently due to the significant safety issues of conventional Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Amongst the various candidates of aqueous batteries, aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) hold great promise as a next generation safe energy storage device due to its low cost, abundance in nature, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, low redox potential, and high theoretical capacity. Yet, the promise has not been realized due to their limitations, such as lower capacity compared to traditional LIB, dendrite growth, detrimental degradation of electrode materials structure as ions intercalate/de-intercalate, and gas evolution/corrosion at the electrodes, which remains a significant challenge.

Effectiveness of silver nitrate application on plant growth and bioactive compounds in (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) kuntze.

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal dose of silver nitrate (AgNO) for plant growth and to increase the main bioactive compounds in cultivated in a hydroponic system. The application of soaked diniconazole (120 μmol mol) to all plants at 7 days after transplanting (DAT) for dwarfing plant height, optimizing cultivation space in the plant factory. Subsequently, plants were soaked with 50, 100, 200, and 400 μmol mol AgNO for 10 min at 25 DAT and harvested at 39 DAT.

Thermally Stable Ceramic-Salt Electrolytes for Li Metal Batteries Produced from Cold Sintering Using DMF/Water Mixture Solvents.

The cold sintering process (CSP) for synthesizing oxide-based electrolytes, which uses water transient solvents and uniaxial pressure, is a promising alternative to the conventional high temperature sintering process due to its low temperature (<200 °C) and short processing time (<2 h). However, the formation of amorphous secondary phases in the intergranular regions, which results in poor ionic conductivity (σ), remains a challenge. In this study, we introduced high-boiling solvents of dimethylformamide (DMF, b.

Facile and Simple Post Treatment Ball Milling Strategy for the Production of Low-Cost TiO Composites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance and Applicability to Construction Materials.

A facile and cost-effective approach assisted by ball milling (BM) of commercial titanium dioxide (TiO), has been utilized to develop cheaper and efficient construction materials. At least three of the commercial and cheaper TiO samples (BA01-01, BA01-01+ and R996, designated as A1, A4 and R1, respectively) were selected and subjected to BM treatment to enhance their photocatalytic efficiencies, if possible. It was noted, that the samples A1, A4 and R1 were typical composites of TiO and calcium carbonate (CaCO) and contained varying proportions of anatase, and rutile phases of TiO and CaCO.

Flexural Behavior Characteristics of Steel Tubes Filled with SFRCCs Incorporating Recycled Materials.

This study deals with the effect of fly ash and recycled sand on the flexural behavior of SFRCCs (steel fiber-reinforced cementitious composites)-filled steel tubes. As a result of the compressive test, the elastic modulus was reduced by the addition of micro steel fiber, and the fly ash and recycled sand replacement decreased the elastic modulus and increased the Poisson's ratio. As a result of the bending and direct tensile tests, strength enhancement by the incorporation of micro steel fibers was observed, and a smooth descending curve was confirmed after initial cracking.

Monolayer Kagome metals AVSb.

Recently, layered kagome metals AVSb (A = K, Rb, and Cs) have emerged as a fertile platform for exploring frustrated geometry, correlations, and topology. Here, using first-principles and mean-field calculations, we demonstrate that AVSb can crystallize in a mono-layered form, revealing a range of properties that render the system unique. Most importantly, the two-dimensional monolayer preserves intrinsically different symmetries from the three-dimensional layered bulk, enforced by stoichiometry.

Correlating multimode strain and electrode configurations for high-performance gradient-index phononic crystal-based piezoelectric energy harvesting.

A gradient-index phononic crystal (GRIN PnC) capable of manipulating wave propagation can serve as an excellent input wave energy focusing platform for amplifying energy harvesting power generation. However, despite its remarkable focusing capability, the finite wavelength of the propagating elastic waves in the focal area causes voltage cancellation inside a piezoelectric element under multimode strains having opposite directions; this limits the capacity of the GRIN PnC-based energy harvesting system. This study demonstrates a rational electrode configuration for a piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) device that can maximize the performance of a given GRIN PnC platform.

Leveraging Deep Learning for Practical DoA Estimation: Experiments with Real Data Collected via USRP.

This paper presents an experimental validation of deep learning-based direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation by using realistic data collected via universal software radio peripheral (USRP). Deep neural network (DNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) structures are designed to estimate the DoA. Two types of data are used for training networks.

Scale-attentional U-Net for the segmentation of the median nerve in ultrasound images.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a neural network that accurately and effectively segments the median nerve in ultrasound (US) images.

Methods: In total, 1,305 images of the median nerve of 123 normal subjects were used to train and evaluate the model. Four datasets from two measurement regions (wrist and forearm) of the nerve and two US machines were used.

Simple Synthesis and Characterization of Shell-Thickness-Controlled Ni/NiC Core-Shell Nanoparticles.

Ni/NiC core-shell nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 120 nm were carburized via a chemical solution method using triethylene glycol. It was found that over time, the nanoparticles were covered with a thin NiC shell measuring approximately 1-4 nm, and each Ni core was composed of poly grains. The saturation magnetization of the core-shell nanopowders decreased in proportion to the amount of NiC.